Navegando por Palavras-chave "transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Efetividade de cursos por educação à distância na capacitação de profissionais de saúde, assistência social e líderes religiosos/comunitários para realizar triagem do uso de drogas e intervenções breves(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-08-27) Carneiro, Ana Paula Leal [UNIFESP]; Souza-Formigoni, Maria Lucia Oliveira de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Introduction: Excessive use of alcohol and other drugs is associated with health and psychosocial risks. To reduce drug use and associated problems, different techniques have been proposed to deal with users who report to health services, among them the Screening of substance use associated with Brief Interventions (SBI). However, there are no studies showing their effectiveness when applied by professionals trained through Distance Learning courses (DL). Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the use and effectiveness of SBI techniques applied by health professionals or social workers trained by the DL course SUPERA (“Sistema para detecção do Uso abusivo e dependência de substâncias Psicoativas: Encaminhamento, intervenção breve, Reinserção social e Acompanhamento”), as well as to assess the use of SBI by religious or community leaders trained by the DL course Faith in Prevention (“Fé na Prevenção - Prevenção de Uso de Drogas por Instituições Religiosas e Movimentos Afins”). Methods: Both courses were developed by the teams of UDED (“Unidade de Dependência de Drogas”) from the “Departamento de Psicobiologia” and “Departamento de Informática em Saúde” (DIS) of the “Universidade Federal de São Paulo” (UNIFESP), in partnership with the “Secretaria Nacional de Políticas Sobre Drogas” (SENAD), which sponsored them. This study used data provided by the participants when they enrolled in the courses and data recorded in the course website. All professionals approved in the courses SUPERA (1st to 4th editions) and Faith in Prevention (1st and 2nd editions) were invited to participate (N=21,799). From these, 4,354 accepted it and undertook an online survey about their satisfaction with the course, the use of SBI and if they had been acting as multipliers of the knowledge acquired. In a sample of 201 patients (treated in health or social care services by 25 professionals trained by SUPERA course) we evaluated the effectiveness of the SBI applied. Out of these patients, 79 participated in a follow-up evaluation to measure whether there was a reduction in drug use associated problems. Results: Most of the participants in the SUPERA course were health professionals who worked at “Centro de Atenção Psicossocial” (CAPS), in the “Estratégia de Saúde da Família” (ESF) or in the social service network. They were from all Brazilian states and most of them were women, with 36 ± 10 years (average ± SD). The "Faith in Prevention" participants were from religious institutions, therapeutic communities or Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), from all Brazilian states, mostly men, with 40 ± 10 years (average ± SD). Most of the professionals (80%) were satisfied with the course, 40-50% had used the SBI techniques and 80% had acted as multipliers of the knowledge acquired. A significant association was observed among the use of SBI, level of motivation, support from leadership and feeling capable to provide SBI after the course. The leadership support was strongly associated with acting as multipliers. Patients who received the SBI applied by those professionals reported a significant reduction in their substance use related problems: Alcohol (before: 15 ± 12 / after: 12.5 ± 10, p = 0.04), cocaine/ crack (before: 13 ± 8 / after: 4 ± 9, p = 0.003) or benzodiazepines (before: 2 ± 6 / after: 0 ± 3, p = 0.01) and evaluated the information and intervention received as satisfactory. Conclusion: The courses were positively evaluated by the participants and the SBI applied by them was effective in reducing problems associated with the use of psychoactive substances, with positive changes in the areas of health, social, personal and/or professional life.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosInfluência da reconsolidação na sensibilização locomotora induzida por morfina em camundongos(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-02-26) Maluf, Ana Cristhina Sampaio [UNIFESP]; Santos Junior, Jair Guilherme dos Santos Junior [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Drug addiction, although a complex process, can be seen as a remote memory that is constantly retrieved and reconsolidated, becoming stronger. A prominent risk to relapse is the presentation of environmental cues that have been paired with drug use. Therefore, disruption of associative memory, by targeting memory reconsolidation, is a promissory strategy to minimize the risk of relapse. Repeated exposures to drugs may enhance its locomotor effects in rodents, a long-lasting behavioral alteration known as locomotor sensitization, which is related with neuroplasticity in brain reward systems that may contribute to addiction. Locomotor sensitization is partly dependent on the association of the drug effects with the environment in which it has been previously administered and, thus, can be influenced by context memory. However, little is known about the reconsolidation of memories underlying locomotor sensitization. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of reconsolidation in morphine-induced locomotor sensitization paradigm, to evaluate different retrieval protocols and to test the reconsolidation effects in remote memories. Adult male C57BL/6J mice have been submitted to a morphineinduced locomotor sensitization protocol and, 2 days after, submitted to a brief reactivation session where they were reexposed to the same context of acquisition, reexposed to context and morphine, injected with morphine without context reexposure or did not receive any intervention. After reactivation, some animals received cicloheximide (CHX), a protein synthesis inhibitor. Twenty four hours later, all animals were challenged with morphine and tested for their locomotor activity in the same context of acquisition. Next day, all animals were again challenged but tested in a new context. Locomotor sensitization expression was impaired just in mice reexposed to context (with or without morphine) and treated with CHX two times. There was no difference between animals when tested in the new context. In another experiment, the same protocol was used but, in this case, the time between acquisition and reexposure was prolonged for 28 days. Animals treated with CHX showed no memory impairment. These data suggest that there is an influence of reconsolidation process in the expression of locomotor sensitization induced by morphine and it depends on the presence of context in the reactivation and that the influence of reconsolidation process seems to occur only in recent memories but not in remote memory.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Percepção de liberdade no lazer: a experiência do lazer em adolescentes usuários de substâncias psicotrópicas(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-07-15) Almeida, Diego Eugenio Roquette Godoy [UNIFESP]; Avallone, Denise de Micheli [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The increasing use / abuse of drugs among adolescents has become an urgent topic of understanding between sectors of society, caused by the impact on health. By the current advances of laws protecting adolescent, to assure them full protection through actions that make available to the development, leisure emerges as a fundamental element. Attaches itself to pleasure the possibility of rest, fun, psychosocial development and strengthening social support network, although traditionally associated with leisure is "bad social habits." Many leisure facilities were modeled by the idea of hygiene and control or even little investment by the various social sectors in this field. In this study, leisure is understood beyond the work - leisure dichotomy translated into "free time" work. The experience of leisure activity can occur at any time or, provided there is perceived freedom during the occupation and intrinsic motivation. Leisure as attitude includes the perception of competence, control, need, depth and involvement in leisure experiences. OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the major databases in health association or effect of leisure on the use of substances; verify that substance use among adolescents 14-18 years is related to perceptions of freedom in leisure. METHODS: A pre-test with 66 teenagers as a way to ensure the intelligibility was performed. Was selected for convenience at Projeto Quixote 186 adolescents in a school in Guarulhos . It used as instruments Questionnaire Data Sociodemographic and Leisure (QSDL) to define the profile of the sample, The Leisure Diagnostic Battery, version B (PLL) to measure Perceived Freedom in Leisure and Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) for classification of substance use, all self-administered. The data underwent descriptive analysis with the measures of central tendency and dispersion. To analyze the effect we used the ANOVA test, comparison of means, independent t test, interdependence of categorical variables, chi-square, prediction, linear regression. The main independent variables were type of substance used, frequency and quantity of use. The accepted level of significance for all the results was 5%. RESULTS: 165 reviews were analyzed . The frequency of use of ecstasy and marijuana in the last month were related to higher rates of PLL (p ≤ .05). The number of substances used in the last month had no significant effect. It was also observed that the predictive ability of the elements of the PLL to the risk of use was low. The nature of leisure activities were not associated with use. CONCLUSION: The study suggests specific components of leisure related to the frequency of substance use, such as perceived control and need at leisure. Although not statistically significant, there was a trend to increased perception of freedom as the increased use of substances.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Qualidade de vida e desesperança em familiares de dependentes químicos(Universidade de São Francisco, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Psicologia, 2009-04-01) Aragão, Antonio Teulberto Mesquita [UNIFESP]; Milagres, Elizabete [UNIFESP]; Figlie, Neliana Buzi [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)To measure the quality of life and hopelessness of a group of women living in the outskirts of São Paulo attended at a center for assistance and support living with a drugs addicts in their homes. Participated in this sample, 56 women. They were individually interviewed in beginning of the treatment to investigate psychiatric disorders in the sample, according to diagnoses criteria of CID-10. The scales used on this study were interviews in order to gather demographical data; the CCEB survey; the WHOQOL-bref that measures life quality, the BHS (Beck Hopelessness Scale), that measures the level of hopelessness and a psychiatric assessment. It was noted that 39% of women presented minimal hopelessness, 44% light and 16% moderate / severe hopelessness. In Life Quality the physical domain was outstanding (x=14,45), followed by the social domain (x=13,26), the psychological domain (x=12,57) and the environmental domain (x=10,68). Concerning the psychiatric diagnosis, 23% (n=13) showed depression and 5% (n=3) showed anxiety. The majority of relatives presented satisfactory level of hopelessness. Nonetheless, the group with moderate/severe hopelessness demands attention and shows intervention need, especially when data is analyzed considerating the psychiatric diagnosis.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)A utilização do Assist e a intervenção breve no contexto socioeducativo sob a ótica dos profissionais(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-09-30) Silva, Maria Angelica Alves da [UNIFESP]; Avallone, Denise de Micheli [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and the difficulties of professional socio-educational centers on conceptual aspects of drug abuse and application of screening procedures and Brief Intervention (TIB). Method: 103 health professionals, psychologists and social workers, anonymously answered a questionnaire, their responses were correlated to the fact that these whether they have participated in a training process. Results: The sample was composed predominantly by women with a mean age of 47 years. The difficulties mentioned by trained professionals to perform the TIB were: belief that this procedure should be done by a specialist (31%) and lack of time (93%). Among professionals not trained the main difficulty mentioned was the belief that this procedure is not efficient for adolescents in social and educational context (29%). Similarly, considering the professional actuation time, the mean score on the conceptual issues did not differ between the groups that received and did not receive the training. Conclusion: In general, it is observed that the difficulties in implementing the TIB overlap the technical and conceptual aspect and although they have been trained, this as a unique procedure, proved insufficient to equip professionals to face the present challenges in the social and educational context .