Desenvolvimento docente em Métodos Ativos de Ensino/Aprendizagem na formação do médico
Data
2010-06-30
Autores
Almeida, Maria Tereza Carvalho 
Orientadores
Batista, Nildo Alves
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Este trabalho traz como objetivo investigar o processo de desenvolvimento docente para atuação em currículos que utilizam Métodos Ativos para a formação do médico. Os sujeitos desta pesquisa foram 115 professores da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes) que trabalham com a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP) e Problematização desde 2002 e já desempenharam as diversas funções docentes propostas. Vários aspectos dos objetos desse estudo foram investigados: como os professores se prepararam para desempenhar as atividades docentes propostas nos Métodos Ativos de ensino/aprendizagem e quais são suas necessidades relativas ao processo de formação/desenvolvimento docente, quais as dificuldades enfrentadas neste processo e que demandas específicas trazem para um programa de desenvolvimento docente. Na coleta de dados utilizamos um questionário com assertivas relacionadas à temática pesquisada e análise do grau de concordância e/ou discordância que foram sistematizadas, classificadas, tabuladas e dispostas em gráficos. Para o aprofundamento da pesquisa, utilizamos a entrevista semi-estruturada, cujos dados foram submetidos à análise temática. A maioria dos entrevistados fez curso de especialização na área de educação, porém, uma boa parte não recebeu um preparo formal. Relatam as experiências vivenciadas sem o preparo formal e enfatizam o autopreparo, seja pela intuição, por meio da própria prática ou a partir da observação de outros professores quando eram estudantes ou ainda a observação de outros colegas docentes. Dentre as dificuldades, há uma ênfase na desvalorização docente que é reforçada pela falta de reconhecimento, pelos baixos salários e consequentemente pela falta de tempo, uma vez que o professor se sente obrigado a assumir outras atividades além da docência. Quanto às demandas, eles assumem a necessidade de desenvolver seus saberes e práticas em docência, falam do aprendizado com o outro, seja por meio da observação de colegas mais experientes, seja por meio de grupos de estudo e/ou da troca de experiências e ressalta a prática como eixo estruturante. Neste contexto, a avaliação surge como uma importante estratégia de Desenvolvimento Docente, uma vez que estimula a reflexão da própria prática, porém, apontam a necessidade de seu aprimoramento. Um grande destaque é dado à necessidade de investimento pessoal e institucional para que haja a indução e sustentabilidade do processo de desenvolvimento docente. Eles são veementes ao apontar a importância destes programas estarem inseridos no Projeto Político Pedagógico, o que possibilita a inserção na carga horária, a obrigatoriedade, ter um planejamento que favoreça a objetividade e prática e a utilização de estratégias que os tornem mais significativos.
The aim of this work is to investigate the teaching development process for background that uses active methods for medical education. T he subject was 115 teachers at the State University of Montes Claros (Unimontes), that has worked with Problem Based Learning (PBL) and questioning since 2002 and has already performed many proposed teaching tasks. Different aspects of the study have been investigated: the way teachers prepare themselves to perform the activities in the teaching/learning active methods and the relative needs concerning their development, the difficulties faced along the process and which specific needs they bring to such to a teaching development program. We have used a questionnaire with questions related to researched thematic and have analyzed the degree of agreement and/or disagreement that were systematized, classified, charted, and displayed in graphics. For a deeper r esearch, we have used a semi structured interview, the data of which was submitted to some thematic analysis. Most of the ones interviewed were specialized in medical education, but some of them did not have it in a formal way. They have reported some of t heir experiences and have emphasized their self preparation, either through intuition or their own experience, by observing other teachers while they, the observers, were students or simply observing other colleagues. Among the difficulties, there is some emphasis concerning low teaching evaluation that has to do with lack of knowledge, low wages and consequently, lack of time because the teacher is obliged to assume other activities besides teaching. Concerning the needs, they assume the need for developin g their teaching practice knowledge, share their learning among one another either by observing a more experienced colleague or through studying groups and emphasize such a practice as a structural axis. In this context, evaluation appears as an important teaching development strategy because it stimulates some thought concerning the practice in itself and also points to the need for refinement. Big emphasis is given to the need for personal and institutional investment so that there is some induction and s ustaining of the teaching development process. They are vehement when showing the importance of these programs to be inserted in the Political Pedagogical Project, which favors the insertion in the task, the obligatoriness, having a plan that favors the ob jectivity and practice and the using of strategies that make them become more meaningful.
The aim of this work is to investigate the teaching development process for background that uses active methods for medical education. T he subject was 115 teachers at the State University of Montes Claros (Unimontes), that has worked with Problem Based Learning (PBL) and questioning since 2002 and has already performed many proposed teaching tasks. Different aspects of the study have been investigated: the way teachers prepare themselves to perform the activities in the teaching/learning active methods and the relative needs concerning their development, the difficulties faced along the process and which specific needs they bring to such to a teaching development program. We have used a questionnaire with questions related to researched thematic and have analyzed the degree of agreement and/or disagreement that were systematized, classified, charted, and displayed in graphics. For a deeper r esearch, we have used a semi structured interview, the data of which was submitted to some thematic analysis. Most of the ones interviewed were specialized in medical education, but some of them did not have it in a formal way. They have reported some of t heir experiences and have emphasized their self preparation, either through intuition or their own experience, by observing other teachers while they, the observers, were students or simply observing other colleagues. Among the difficulties, there is some emphasis concerning low teaching evaluation that has to do with lack of knowledge, low wages and consequently, lack of time because the teacher is obliged to assume other activities besides teaching. Concerning the needs, they assume the need for developin g their teaching practice knowledge, share their learning among one another either by observing a more experienced colleague or through studying groups and emphasize such a practice as a structural axis. In this context, evaluation appears as an important teaching development strategy because it stimulates some thought concerning the practice in itself and also points to the need for refinement. Big emphasis is given to the need for personal and institutional investment so that there is some induction and s ustaining of the teaching development process. They are vehement when showing the importance of these programs to be inserted in the Political Pedagogical Project, which favors the insertion in the task, the obligatoriness, having a plan that favors the ob jectivity and practice and the using of strategies that make them become more meaningful.
Descrição
Citação
ALMEIDA, Maria Tereza Carvalho. Desenvolvimento docente em Métodos Ativos de Ensino/Aprendizagem na formação do médico. 2010. 175 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências) - Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2010.