Identificação de incapacidades em crianças com deficiência inclusas em escolas municipais pertencentes à DRE-Diretoria Regional de Educação Penha - São Paulo, por meio do PEDI-Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade
Data
2010-05-26
Autores
Teles, Fernanda Moreira 
Orientadores
Puccini, Rosana Fiorini
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução – Inclusão é o movimento da sociedade para produzir a igualdade de oportunidades para todos. No âmbito individual, a inclusão supõe que cada um tenha a possibilidade de fazer suas próprias escolhas e construir sua própria identidade pessoal e social. No Brasil, a Constituição Federal de 1988 estabelece o dever do Estado com a educação mediante a garantia de ensino fundamental obrigatório e gratuito para todos, inclusive aos que a ele não tiveram acesso na idade própria e, ainda, atendimento educacional especializado às pessoas com deficiência, preferencialmente na rede regular de ensino. A deficiência pressupõe a existência de variações de algumas habilidades que sejam qualificadas como restrições ou lesões. No Brasil, segundo o IBGE (2000) a prevalência de deficiência na população era de 14, 5%; em São Paulo, dados da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, apontam para uma prevalência de 6,59%. Objetivos - Descrever as incapacidades de alunos em processo de inclusão por meio do inventário de avaliação pediátrica de incapacidade (PEDI). Métodos – tipo de estudo: transversal analítico; população: 181 alunos de 7 a 10 anos em processo de inclusão em 32 escolas da rede municipal da DRE – Delegacia Regional de Ensino Penha – São Paulo (SP). Variáveis: idade e série escolar; tipos de deficiência constantes de laudo do prontuário da criança. Instrumento: inventário de avaliação pediátrica de incapacidade (PEDI) que por meio de questionário aplicado ao cuidador avalia 197 atividades nas áreas de auto-cuidado, mobilidade e função social e a necessidade de assistência do cuidador para as mesmas funções. Análise estatística: utilizados teste t-student, análise de variância (ANOVA), análise de variância de medidas repetidas; para todos os testes considerou-se significância estatística (p < 0,5). Resultados – dos 181 alunos, 39 (21,5%) eram menores de 8 anos, 32 (17,7%) tinham 8 anos, 57 (31,5%) tinham 9 anos e 53 (29,3%) tinham 10 anos ou mais; em relação à série escolar, 35 (19,3%) estavam na 1ª série, 46 (25,4%) na 2ª série, 50 (27,6%) na 3ª série e 50 (27,6%) na 4ª série. Quanto aos tipos de deficiências, foram classificados em: Conduta típica – 30,4%, Deficiência física – 14, 9%, Deficiência global do desenvolvimento – 6,6%, Dislexia – 1,1 %, Distúrbios de fala – 7,2%, Deficiência visual – 2,8%, Múltiplas deficiências – 18,2%, Síndrome de Down – 9,4%, Síndromes genéticas – 6,6%. Diferenças estaticamente significantes no desempenho dos alunos, segundo o PEDI, foram observadas nas escalas de auto-cuidado (média de 77,8% na 1ª série e de 95,2% na 4ª série - p) e mobilidade (média de 90,0% na 1ª série e 99,8% na 4ª série) entre as séries, mas não entre as idades, ainda que apresentasse uma tendência de desempenho crescente – auto-cuidado (média de 85,7% em menores de 8 anos e 90,4% em crianças com 10 anos ou mais) e mobilidade (média 88, 9% em menores de 8 anos e 97,6% em crianças com 10 anos ou mais). Na função social não houve diferença entre as série ou idades. Em relação aos grupos de deficiências, na área de função social observaram-se as menores médias quando comparadas às outras áreas (auto-cuidado e mobilidade): conduta típica (71,9%), deficiência global do desenvolvimento (58,7%), distúrbios de fala (53,7%), múltiplas deficiências (75,1%), síndrome de Down (61,0%) , síndromes genéticas (55,8%). O grupo de alunos com deficiência física apresentou como área mais afetada a mobilidade com média de 62,7%. Para todos os grupos, as médias referentes à assistência do cuidador para as funções refletiram a necessidade de ajuda que essas crianças requerem no cotidiano. Conclusões – A função social foi a mais comprometida em todos os grupos e o instrumento de PEDI – Inventário de avaliação pediátrica de incapacidade permitiu a identificação de incapacidades por grupo de deficiência e individual, podendo constituir instrumento importante para intervenção direcionada e acompanhamento na escola.
Introduction – Inclusion is the movement of the society to provide everyone with equal opportunities. In the individual context, the inclusion assumes that every individual has the possibility of making their own choices and build their own personal and social identity. In Brazil, the Federal Constitution from 1988 establishes the obligation of the State with the education by assuring compulsory and free basic education for everyone, including those who had no access to it at proper age, and also specialized educational services for people with disabilities, preferably in the regular education system. The disability presupposes the existence of variations of some skills which are classified as restrictions or injuries. In Brazil, according to IBGE (2000) the prevalence of disability in the population was 14, 5%; in São Paulo, data from the Municipal Health Department, it indicates a prevalence of 6.59%. Objectives – Describe the inabilities of students in the inclusion process through the pediatric evaluation of inabilities (PEDI). Methods – type of study: cross-sectional analysis; population: 181 students 7-10 years old in inclusion process in 32 municipal schools of DRE - the Regional Education Penha - São Paulo (SP). Variables: age, school grade level, kind of disability contained in the records of the child’ reports. Instrument: inventory of pediatric evaluation of disability (PEDI) that, through a questionnaire applied to the caregiver, assesses 197 activities in the areas of self-care, mobility and social function and the need of the caregiver assistance for these functions. Statistical analysis: used t-student test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), analysis of variance with repeated measurements; for all tests it was considered statistical significant (p <0.5). Results – out of the 181 students, 39 (21.5%) were less than 8 years old, 32 (17.7%) were 8 years old, 57 (31.5%) were 9 years old and 53 (29.3%) were 10 years old or more, as far as grade is concerned, 35 (19.3%) were in the 1st grade, 46 (25.4%) in the 2nd grade, 50 (27.6%) in the 3rd grade and 50 (27.6%) in 4th grade. As to the types of disabilities, they were classified as typical Conduct - 30.4%, Physical handicap - 14, 9%, Global development disability - 6.6%, Dyslexia - 1.1%, Speech disorders - 7.2 % Visual impairment - 2.8% Multiple disabilities - 18.2%, Down syndrome - 9.4%, Genetic syndromes - 6.6%. Statistically significant differences in student performance, according to the PEDI, were observed in the self-care scales (average of 77.8% in the 1st grade and 95.2% in the 4th grade - p) and mobility (average of 90.0 % in grade 1st grade and 99.8% in the 4th grade) between the grades, but not between the ages, despite indicating a trend towards increasing performance - self-care (average of 85.7% in children under 8 years old and 90 4% in 10-yearl-olds or older children) and mobility (average of 88, 9% in children under 8 years old and 97.6% 10-yearl-olds or older children). In social function there was no difference between the grades or ages. As regards disability groups, in the area of social function the lowest averages were observed when compared to other areas (self-care and mobility): typical conduct (71.9%), global developmental disability (58.7%) , speech disorders (53.7%), multiple disabilities (75.1%), Down syndrome (61.0%), genetic syndromes (55.8%). The group of students with physical disabilities presented mobility as the most affected area with an average of 62.7%. For all groups, the average result concerning the assistance of the caregiver for specific roles reflected the need of help that these children require in activities of daily living. Conclusions - The social function was the most impaired in all groups and the PEDI instrument - Inventory of pediatric evaluation of disability - led to the identification of inabilities by group and individual disability, which may constitute an important tool for targeted intervention and follow-up at school.
Introduction – Inclusion is the movement of the society to provide everyone with equal opportunities. In the individual context, the inclusion assumes that every individual has the possibility of making their own choices and build their own personal and social identity. In Brazil, the Federal Constitution from 1988 establishes the obligation of the State with the education by assuring compulsory and free basic education for everyone, including those who had no access to it at proper age, and also specialized educational services for people with disabilities, preferably in the regular education system. The disability presupposes the existence of variations of some skills which are classified as restrictions or injuries. In Brazil, according to IBGE (2000) the prevalence of disability in the population was 14, 5%; in São Paulo, data from the Municipal Health Department, it indicates a prevalence of 6.59%. Objectives – Describe the inabilities of students in the inclusion process through the pediatric evaluation of inabilities (PEDI). Methods – type of study: cross-sectional analysis; population: 181 students 7-10 years old in inclusion process in 32 municipal schools of DRE - the Regional Education Penha - São Paulo (SP). Variables: age, school grade level, kind of disability contained in the records of the child’ reports. Instrument: inventory of pediatric evaluation of disability (PEDI) that, through a questionnaire applied to the caregiver, assesses 197 activities in the areas of self-care, mobility and social function and the need of the caregiver assistance for these functions. Statistical analysis: used t-student test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), analysis of variance with repeated measurements; for all tests it was considered statistical significant (p <0.5). Results – out of the 181 students, 39 (21.5%) were less than 8 years old, 32 (17.7%) were 8 years old, 57 (31.5%) were 9 years old and 53 (29.3%) were 10 years old or more, as far as grade is concerned, 35 (19.3%) were in the 1st grade, 46 (25.4%) in the 2nd grade, 50 (27.6%) in the 3rd grade and 50 (27.6%) in 4th grade. As to the types of disabilities, they were classified as typical Conduct - 30.4%, Physical handicap - 14, 9%, Global development disability - 6.6%, Dyslexia - 1.1%, Speech disorders - 7.2 % Visual impairment - 2.8% Multiple disabilities - 18.2%, Down syndrome - 9.4%, Genetic syndromes - 6.6%. Statistically significant differences in student performance, according to the PEDI, were observed in the self-care scales (average of 77.8% in the 1st grade and 95.2% in the 4th grade - p) and mobility (average of 90.0 % in grade 1st grade and 99.8% in the 4th grade) between the grades, but not between the ages, despite indicating a trend towards increasing performance - self-care (average of 85.7% in children under 8 years old and 90 4% in 10-yearl-olds or older children) and mobility (average of 88, 9% in children under 8 years old and 97.6% 10-yearl-olds or older children). In social function there was no difference between the grades or ages. As regards disability groups, in the area of social function the lowest averages were observed when compared to other areas (self-care and mobility): typical conduct (71.9%), global developmental disability (58.7%) , speech disorders (53.7%), multiple disabilities (75.1%), Down syndrome (61.0%), genetic syndromes (55.8%). The group of students with physical disabilities presented mobility as the most affected area with an average of 62.7%. For all groups, the average result concerning the assistance of the caregiver for specific roles reflected the need of help that these children require in activities of daily living. Conclusions - The social function was the most impaired in all groups and the PEDI instrument - Inventory of pediatric evaluation of disability - led to the identification of inabilities by group and individual disability, which may constitute an important tool for targeted intervention and follow-up at school.
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TELES, Fernanda Moreira. Identificação de incapacidades em crianças com deficiência inclusas em escolas municipais pertencentes à DRE-Diretoria Regional de Educação Penha - São Paulo, por meio do PEDI-Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade. 2010. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2010.