CAPS: o que são e como estão? Um encontro junto aos/às trabalhadores/as dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial do Vale do Ribeira-SP
Data
2024-09-23
Autores
Silva, Thaís Ishimoto Tanabe da 
Orientadores
Pezzato, Luciane Maria
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A Política Nacional de Saúde Mental (PNSM) foi um marco regulatório para a sociedade brasileira em se tratando da luta social por um modelo de atenção à saúde mental de base territorial e em liberdade. Ancorada na Lei 10.216/01, instituiu os direitos e a proteção das pessoas acometidas por transtornos mentais, priorizando a inserção comunitária e reconhecendo, a partir das Reformas Psiquiátrica e Sanitária, a complexidade e multicausalidade do universo da Saúde Mental e seus agravos. Os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS), serviços substitutivos de cuidado em saúde mental na comunidade, originados na década de 1980, ocupam um espaço estratégico nesta Política. Ao longo da última década (2013-2023), contudo, alterações promovidas pelo Estado brasileiro, como as que recaíram sobre a PNSM na chamada “Nova Saúde Mental” (2019), propuseram a ampliação de leitos psiquiátricos, o financiamento de serviços de caráter asilar e o retraimento do controle social na construção da Política de Atenção Integral em Álcool e Outras Drogas, alterando de maneira substancial o sentido desta política de saúde e seus serviços. Isto posto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral colocar em análise as práticas cotidianas dos CAPS do Vale do Ribeira (SP) junto aos/às seus/uas trabalhadores/as e identificar como se articulam com a PNSM e com a contrarreforma psiquiátrica e, como objetivo específico, 1) Discutir coletivamente sobre as práticas cotidianas dos CAPS do Vale do Ribeira junto aos seus/suas trabalhadores/as; 2) Fortalecer os espaços de discussão das práticas cotidianas antimanicomiais junto aos trabalhadores dos CAPS do Vale do Ribeira. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida por meio de revisão bibliográfica narrativa e de três Rodas de Conversa junto aos/as trabalhadores/as de Saúde Mental de quatro CAPS da região do Vale do Ribeira. Os resultados foram explorados a partir de uma análise temática que possibilitou identificar dois núcleos de sentidos principais: o cuidado libertário e as práticas manicomiais. Este material foi interpretado à luz de referenciais teórico-metodológicos críticos dos campos da Saúde Mental e Saúde Coletiva. A pesquisa mostrou a prevalência de práticas alinhadas à Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira e a coexistência com práticas contrarreformistas, além de uma cronificação em saúde mental. O Produto Técnico Educacional construído a partir deste trabalho se apresenta na forma de um roteiro de oficina para sensibilização em Saúde Mental, cujo objetivo geral é fomentar espaços de Educação Permanente em Saúde que considerem os saberes dos/as usuários/as da Saúde Mental como referências para ações de EPS.
The National Mental Health Policy (Política Nacional de Saúde Mental - PNSM) was a regulatory milestone for Brazilian society when it came to the social struggle for a model of mental health care based on territory and freedom. Anchored in Law 10.216/01, it established the rights and protection of people affected by mental disorders, prioritizing community insertion and recognizing, based on the Psychiatric and Sanitary Reforms, the complexity and multi-causality of the universe of Mental Health and its problems. The Psychosocial Care Centers, substitute mental health care services in the community, originated in the 1980s, occupy a strategic space in this Policy. Over the last decade (2013-2023), however, changes promoted by the Brazilian state, such as those that fell on the PNSM in the so-called “New Mental Health” (2019), proposed the expansion of psychiatric beds, the funding of asylum-like services and the retraction of social control in the construction of the Comprehensive Care Policy on Alcohol and Other Drugs, substantially altering the meaning of this health policy and its services. With this in mind, the general aim of this research is to analyze the daily practices of the CAPS in the Vale do Ribeira (SP) with their workers and identify how they relate to the PNSM and the psychiatric counter-reform and, as a specific aim, 1) Collectively discuss the daily practices of the CAPS in the Ribeira Valley with their workers; 2) Strengthen the spaces for discussion of daily anti-asylum practices among CAPS workers in the Vale do Ribeira. This is an exploratory research with a qualitative approach, developed through a narrative literature review and three rounds of conversations with mental health workers from four CAPS in the Vale do Ribeira-SP region. The results were explored using a thematic analysis which made it possible to identify two main nuclei of meaning: libertarian care and asylum practices. This material was interpreted in the light of critical theoretical and methodological references from the fields of Mental Health and Collective Health. The research showed the prevalence of practices aligned with the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform and the coexistence of counter-reformist practices, as well as chronification in mental health. The Educational Technical Product built from this work is presented in the form of a workshop script for sensitization in Mental Health, whose general objective is to foster spaces for Permanent Health Education that consider the knowledge of Mental Health users as references for EPS actions.
The National Mental Health Policy (Política Nacional de Saúde Mental - PNSM) was a regulatory milestone for Brazilian society when it came to the social struggle for a model of mental health care based on territory and freedom. Anchored in Law 10.216/01, it established the rights and protection of people affected by mental disorders, prioritizing community insertion and recognizing, based on the Psychiatric and Sanitary Reforms, the complexity and multi-causality of the universe of Mental Health and its problems. The Psychosocial Care Centers, substitute mental health care services in the community, originated in the 1980s, occupy a strategic space in this Policy. Over the last decade (2013-2023), however, changes promoted by the Brazilian state, such as those that fell on the PNSM in the so-called “New Mental Health” (2019), proposed the expansion of psychiatric beds, the funding of asylum-like services and the retraction of social control in the construction of the Comprehensive Care Policy on Alcohol and Other Drugs, substantially altering the meaning of this health policy and its services. With this in mind, the general aim of this research is to analyze the daily practices of the CAPS in the Vale do Ribeira (SP) with their workers and identify how they relate to the PNSM and the psychiatric counter-reform and, as a specific aim, 1) Collectively discuss the daily practices of the CAPS in the Ribeira Valley with their workers; 2) Strengthen the spaces for discussion of daily anti-asylum practices among CAPS workers in the Vale do Ribeira. This is an exploratory research with a qualitative approach, developed through a narrative literature review and three rounds of conversations with mental health workers from four CAPS in the Vale do Ribeira-SP region. The results were explored using a thematic analysis which made it possible to identify two main nuclei of meaning: libertarian care and asylum practices. This material was interpreted in the light of critical theoretical and methodological references from the fields of Mental Health and Collective Health. The research showed the prevalence of practices aligned with the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform and the coexistence of counter-reformist practices, as well as chronification in mental health. The Educational Technical Product built from this work is presented in the form of a workshop script for sensitization in Mental Health, whose general objective is to foster spaces for Permanent Health Education that consider the knowledge of Mental Health users as references for EPS actions.
Descrição
Citação
SILVA, Thaís Ishimoto Tanabe da. CAPS: o que são e como estão? Um encontro junto aos/às trabalhadores/as dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial do Vale do Ribeira-SP. 2024. 105 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ensino em Ciências da Saúde) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Santos, 2024.