O fenômeno de "esquenta" entre jovens: características e fatores associados ao beber pré-balada
Data
2014
Autores
Santos, Mariana Guedes Ribeiro 
Orientadores
Sanchez, Zila van der Meer
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O álcool e a droga psicotrópica mais consumida em praticamente todas as regiões do mundo, e tem sido reconhecido como um importante problema de Saúde pública, uma vez que não afeta somente quem bebe, mas toda a sociedade. O atinge brinquinho ou o episódio de beber pesado o e a ingestão de uma grande quantidade de álcool, caracterizado pelo consumo de no mínimo 4 doses de álcool em uma única ocasião para mulheres e 5 para os homens. Esse tipo de comportamento e encontrado mais entre os jovens e vem sendo praticado nas madrugadas de finais de semana, inclusive antes de irem para as baladas, fenômeno conhecido como ”esquenta”. Durante os “esquentas” ocorre o abuso do álcool e também de outras drogas, o que aumenta o risco de acidentes, violência e comportamentos de risco. Na tentativa de compreender essa problemática relacionada ao consumo de álcool entre obaladeiroso brasileiros, esse estudo teve como principal objetivo identificar e avaliar os principais padrões de consumo de álcool e outras drogas durante os “esquentas” e os fatores associados à sua pratica. Foi feito um estudo epidemiológico transversal nas baladas de São Paulo através da técnica de inquérito de portal com uso de bafômetro e aplicação de entrevistas guiadas por questionários sobre consumo de álcool, outras drogas e outros comportamentos de risco. Os baladeiras responderam a entrevista na fila de entrada da balada e na saída do estabelecimento. Os questionários foram respondidos pela mesma pessoa, que era identificada por um código individual e anônimo registrado em uma pulseira. Foram feitas 2.422 entrevistas em 31 baladas (dez/2012 u jul/2013), através de amostragem com probabilidade proporcional ao tamanho dos estabelecimentos e sistemática quanto aos entrevistados na fila destes locais. Do total, 41,3% (IC95%=33,7-49,3) praticaram ”esquenta” no dia da entrevista. Os principais motivos foram: ochegar desinibido na baladao (39,0%; IC95%=35,3-42,9) e oeconomia de dinheiroo (31,7%; IC95%=25,7-38,4). Os locais nos quais o “esquenta” foi praticado foram: em casa (33,0%; IC95%=27,1-39,4), na rua (30,7%; IC95%=23,3-39,3) e em bares (26,5%; IC95%=21,5-32,1). Observou-se que 22,8% (IC95%=17,9-28,6) de quem fez “esquenta” estavam com dosagem alcoólica no hálito equivalente ao padrão obinge drinkingo de consumo de álcool na entrada da balada (vs 0,3% - IC95%=0,13-0,97 de quem não fez); na saída, quem fez “esquenta” também saiu com maior padrão obingeo (44,3% - IC95%=36,0-53,0) do que quem não fez ”esquenta” (22,6% - IC95%=14,4-33,6). A média de dosagem alcoólica no hálito de quem fez “esquenta” foi de 0,23 mg/L (IC95%=0,19-0,27) na entrada da balada e 0,34 mg/L (IC95%=0,29-0,40) na saída da balada. Quem fez ”esquenta” bebeu mais dentro da balada do que aqueles que não fizeram (p<0,001). O resultado interessante e que a porcentagem de jovens alcoolizados que foram embora dirigindo foi maior no grupo que fez “esquenta” (56%; IC95%=46,4-64,8; p<0,001), do que não fez (20%; IC95%=13,1-28,9). De um modo geral, a pratica de diversos comportamentos de risco foi mais frequente entre quem fez ”esquenta”. Ser homem (OR= 1,98 - IC95%=1,45-2,71), fumantes (OR 1,64 u IC95%=1,00-2,70 - p=0,051), e que o histórico de pratica de obinge drinkingo (OR= 2,28 u IC95%=1,70-3,07 - p<0,001), efeitos severos da embriaguez (OR= 1,77 u IC95%=1,40-2,22 - p<0,001) e praticas de comportamento sexual de risco (OR= 1,67 u IC95%=1,20-2,33 - p=0,004) aumentam a chance de praticar ”esquenta”. Identifica-se que o comportamento de ”esquenta” influencia negativamente na intoxicação alcoólica de saída da balada. Políticas públicas e fiscalização das mesmas precisam ser implantadas a fim de reduzir os riscos associados a este comportam
Alcohol is the most widely consumed psychoactive drug in almost all regions of the world, and has been recognized as an important public health problem, since it affects not only who drinks, but the whole society. Binge drinking or "heavy episodic drinking" is the ingestion of a large amount of alcohol, characterized by the consumption of at least four doses of alcohol on a single occasion for women and five for men. This type of behavior is more common among young people and it has been practiced in the evenings of weekends, before going out to the nightclubs, knowing as "predrinking". During the "predrinking" events alcohol abuse occurs, and also the abuse of other drugs, which increases the risk of accidents, violence and others risk behaviors. To understand this problem related to alcohol consumption among Brazilian nightclubs patrons, this study aimed to identify the main patterns of alcohol and other drugs abuse during the "predrinking" and the factors associated with its practice. An epidemiological study at São Paulo nightclubs was done, through a portal survey investigation with Breathalyzer test and interviews about alcohol and other drugs abuse and other risky behaviors. The patrons that agreed to participate in the survey answered an entrance and exit interview and a breathalyzer test after each interview. The patrons received a bracelet with an unique code to identify them at the exit. The final sample resulted in 2422 interviews conducted in 31 nightclubs (Dec/2012 jul/ 2013), considering a maximum relative error of 5% and a confidence interval of 95%, two stages of cluster sampling, a design effect of 2.0, a refusal rate of 30% and a maximum lost for follow up from the entrance to the exit of 40%. "Predrinking" was reported by 41.3% of patrons. The main reasons were: "to reduce social anxiety when arriving at a later event (39.0%;95%CI=35.342.9) and "saving money" (31.7%;95%CI=25.738.4). The common locals for "predrinkers" were: at home (33.0%;95%CI=27.139.4), in the street (30.7%;95%CI=23.339.3) and bars (26.5%;95%CI=21.532.1). It was observed that 22.8% (95%CI=17.928.6) of "predrinkers" arrived at nightclubs with higher levels of BrAC (binge drinking standard) (vs 0.3%; 95%CI=0.130.97 from those who didn’t engaged in ”predrinking”) ; at the end of the night, “predrinkers” also showed high level BrAC (44.3%; 95%CI=36.053.0) compared with those who didn’t engaged in “predrinking” event (22.6%; 95%CI=14.433.6). The average of breathalyzer on those who practiced "predrinking" was 0.23 mg/L (95%CI=0.190.27) at the entrance and 0.34mg/L (95%CI=0.290.40) at the exit. "Predrinkers" drank more at the nightclubs that those who didn't (p<0.001). 56% (95%CI=46.464.8) of "predrinkers" left the place driving under the influence of alcohol (p<0.001), compared to 20% of those who didn’t engaged in “predrinking” (CI95%=13.128.9). In general, risk behaviors were more frequent among "predrinkers". Being male (OR1.98;95%CI=1.452.71), smokers (OR 1.64;95%CI=1.002.70;p= 0.051), having reported episodes in the last 12 months of binge drinking practice (OR 2.28; 95%CI=1.703.07;p< 0.001), severe effects of drunkenness (OR 1.77;95%CI=1.402.22;p< 0.001) and sexual risk behavior (OR1.67; 95%CI=1.202.33;p= 0.004) , increase the chance of practicing "predrinking". We identify the "predrinking" behavior influences negatively on alcohol intoxication ate the exit of nightclubs. Public policy and supervision of these environments need to be implemented to reduce the risks associated with this behavior.
Alcohol is the most widely consumed psychoactive drug in almost all regions of the world, and has been recognized as an important public health problem, since it affects not only who drinks, but the whole society. Binge drinking or "heavy episodic drinking" is the ingestion of a large amount of alcohol, characterized by the consumption of at least four doses of alcohol on a single occasion for women and five for men. This type of behavior is more common among young people and it has been practiced in the evenings of weekends, before going out to the nightclubs, knowing as "predrinking". During the "predrinking" events alcohol abuse occurs, and also the abuse of other drugs, which increases the risk of accidents, violence and others risk behaviors. To understand this problem related to alcohol consumption among Brazilian nightclubs patrons, this study aimed to identify the main patterns of alcohol and other drugs abuse during the "predrinking" and the factors associated with its practice. An epidemiological study at São Paulo nightclubs was done, through a portal survey investigation with Breathalyzer test and interviews about alcohol and other drugs abuse and other risky behaviors. The patrons that agreed to participate in the survey answered an entrance and exit interview and a breathalyzer test after each interview. The patrons received a bracelet with an unique code to identify them at the exit. The final sample resulted in 2422 interviews conducted in 31 nightclubs (Dec/2012 jul/ 2013), considering a maximum relative error of 5% and a confidence interval of 95%, two stages of cluster sampling, a design effect of 2.0, a refusal rate of 30% and a maximum lost for follow up from the entrance to the exit of 40%. "Predrinking" was reported by 41.3% of patrons. The main reasons were: "to reduce social anxiety when arriving at a later event (39.0%;95%CI=35.342.9) and "saving money" (31.7%;95%CI=25.738.4). The common locals for "predrinkers" were: at home (33.0%;95%CI=27.139.4), in the street (30.7%;95%CI=23.339.3) and bars (26.5%;95%CI=21.532.1). It was observed that 22.8% (95%CI=17.928.6) of "predrinkers" arrived at nightclubs with higher levels of BrAC (binge drinking standard) (vs 0.3%; 95%CI=0.130.97 from those who didn’t engaged in ”predrinking”) ; at the end of the night, “predrinkers” also showed high level BrAC (44.3%; 95%CI=36.053.0) compared with those who didn’t engaged in “predrinking” event (22.6%; 95%CI=14.433.6). The average of breathalyzer on those who practiced "predrinking" was 0.23 mg/L (95%CI=0.190.27) at the entrance and 0.34mg/L (95%CI=0.290.40) at the exit. "Predrinkers" drank more at the nightclubs that those who didn't (p<0.001). 56% (95%CI=46.464.8) of "predrinkers" left the place driving under the influence of alcohol (p<0.001), compared to 20% of those who didn’t engaged in “predrinking” (CI95%=13.128.9). In general, risk behaviors were more frequent among "predrinkers". Being male (OR1.98;95%CI=1.452.71), smokers (OR 1.64;95%CI=1.002.70;p= 0.051), having reported episodes in the last 12 months of binge drinking practice (OR 2.28; 95%CI=1.703.07;p< 0.001), severe effects of drunkenness (OR 1.77;95%CI=1.402.22;p< 0.001) and sexual risk behavior (OR1.67; 95%CI=1.202.33;p= 0.004) , increase the chance of practicing "predrinking". We identify the "predrinking" behavior influences negatively on alcohol intoxication ate the exit of nightclubs. Public policy and supervision of these environments need to be implemented to reduce the risks associated with this behavior.
Descrição
Citação
SANTOS, Mariana Guedes Ribeiro. O Fenômeno de “esquenta” entre jovens: características e fatores associados ao beber pré-balada. 2014. 152 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências) – Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo, 2014.