Complexidade nas Relações Terra e Mar: Estudo Exploratório sobre a Elaboração do Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico da Baixada Santista
Data
2021-02-24
Autores
Cardoso, Milton Alexandre 
Orientadores
Rodrigues, Melissa Vivacqua
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Os problemas ambientais que envolvem a gestão costeira demandam uma abordagem
complexa sobre a realidade. No Brasil, o Plano Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro (PNGC)
tem o intuito de promover a gestão costeira integrada e participativa, buscando superar a
fragmentação e o reducionismo da gestão tradicional. Um dos instrumentos de gestão do PNGC
que tem sido mais implementado é o Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico (ZEEC), o qual é
objeto do nosso estudo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma reflexão sobre os diversos
conceitos que permeiam a abordagem complexa da realidade ambiental, em especial da zona
costeira, e à luz desses conceitos, analisar – ainda que de maneira exploratória – o processo de
elaboração e aprovação do ZEE da Baixada Santista (ZEE-BS), no estado de São Paulo, o qual
foi decretado em 2013. A região metropolitana da Baixada Santista (BS) situa-se no litoral do
estado de São Paulo e compreende um território singular, com grandes potencialidades
ambientais, econômicas, culturais e turísticas. É uma região costeira que é integrada por 9
municípios e historicamente atrai interesses diversos. Tais interesses envolvem disputas sobre
o uso ou acesso de determinado bem ou recurso e tornam necessário a gestão do território,
moldada através do gerenciamento costeiro. Desta forma, este estudo exploratório foi realizado
por meio da análise documental do processo CPLA/SMA-SP No 7.094/2000 que aglutina as
informações sobre a elaboração do ZEE-BS, onde foi selecionado o período de dezembro de
2007 a dezembro de 2010 para análise das atas das reuniões do grupo setorial para a
identificação dos atores envolvidos e as dinâmicas internas. Observou-se pouca assiduidade dos
representantes do grupo setorial às reuniões de forma que 40 % dos representantes do Estado,
por exemplo, nunca compareceram em reuniões. Além disso, vislumbrou-se conflitos
emblemáticos da região que possuíam a expansão portuária como mote. Foi observado que
fatores complexos inerentes às relações interprofissionais, seus múltiplos interesses, bem como
o engajamento e sensibilização dos indivíduos que compõem os grupos setoriais são
importantes para a criação de um zoneamento representativo e concomitantemente
comprometido com a manutenção da vida, seja em terra, seja em mar. Ademais percebeu-se
que o resultado do ZEE-BS detém uma forte relação com o Homo economicus, em que na sua
trajetória a busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável conflita sobre questões internas, tal como:
o que é desenvolvimento? Que tipo de desenvolvimento? E desenvolvimento para quem?
The environmental problems involving coastal management demand a complex approach to reality. In Brazil, the National Coastal Management Plan (PNGC) aims to promote integrated and participatory coastal management, seeking to overcome the fragmentation and reductionism of traditional management. One of the management instruments of the PNGC is the Ecological-Economic Zoning (ZEEC), which is the subject of our study. This work aims to reflect on the various concepts that permeate the complex approach to environmental reality, especially in the coastal zone. In the light of these concepts, to analyze the process of preparing and approving the ZEEC of the Baixada Santista (ZEE-BS), in the state of São Paulo, which was enacted in 2013. The metropolitan region of Baixada Santista (BS) is located on the coast of the state of São Paulo and comprises a unique territory with great potential in its environmental, economic, cultural and tourist aspects. It is a coastal region that is made up of 9 municipalities and has historically attracted diverse interests. Such interests involve disputes over the use or access of a particular good or resource and make it necessary to manage the territory, shaped through coastal management. In this way, this exploratory study was carried out by means of documentary analysis of the CPLA / SMA-SP No. 7,094 / 2000 process that brings together the information on the planning of the ZEE-BS. Was selected a period between December 2007 to December 2010 for analysis of the minutes of the sector group meetings to identify the actors involved and the internal dynamics. Little attendance by sector group representatives was observed at meetings. In this way 40% of State representatives was never attend meetings. In addition, there were glimpses of emblematic conflicts in the region that had port expansion as a motto. It was observed that complex factors inherent to interprofessional relationships and their multiple interests are important for the creation of a representative zoning and concurrently committed to the maintenance of life. Furthermore, it was noticed that the result of the ZEE-BS has a strong relationship with Homo economicus, in which in its trajectory the search for sustainable development conflicts over internal issues, such as: what is development? What kind of development? And development for whom?
The environmental problems involving coastal management demand a complex approach to reality. In Brazil, the National Coastal Management Plan (PNGC) aims to promote integrated and participatory coastal management, seeking to overcome the fragmentation and reductionism of traditional management. One of the management instruments of the PNGC is the Ecological-Economic Zoning (ZEEC), which is the subject of our study. This work aims to reflect on the various concepts that permeate the complex approach to environmental reality, especially in the coastal zone. In the light of these concepts, to analyze the process of preparing and approving the ZEEC of the Baixada Santista (ZEE-BS), in the state of São Paulo, which was enacted in 2013. The metropolitan region of Baixada Santista (BS) is located on the coast of the state of São Paulo and comprises a unique territory with great potential in its environmental, economic, cultural and tourist aspects. It is a coastal region that is made up of 9 municipalities and has historically attracted diverse interests. Such interests involve disputes over the use or access of a particular good or resource and make it necessary to manage the territory, shaped through coastal management. In this way, this exploratory study was carried out by means of documentary analysis of the CPLA / SMA-SP No. 7,094 / 2000 process that brings together the information on the planning of the ZEE-BS. Was selected a period between December 2007 to December 2010 for analysis of the minutes of the sector group meetings to identify the actors involved and the internal dynamics. Little attendance by sector group representatives was observed at meetings. In this way 40% of State representatives was never attend meetings. In addition, there were glimpses of emblematic conflicts in the region that had port expansion as a motto. It was observed that complex factors inherent to interprofessional relationships and their multiple interests are important for the creation of a representative zoning and concurrently committed to the maintenance of life. Furthermore, it was noticed that the result of the ZEE-BS has a strong relationship with Homo economicus, in which in its trajectory the search for sustainable development conflicts over internal issues, such as: what is development? What kind of development? And development for whom?
Descrição
Citação
CARDOSO, Milton Alexandre. Complexidade nas Relações Terra e Mar: estudo exploratório sobre a elaboração do Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico da Baixada Santista. 2021. 61f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação (Bacharelado Interdisciplinar em Ciência e Tecnologia do Mar) - Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2021.