Práticas profissionais mediadas por tecnologia no cuidado ao usuário da atenção primária durante a pandemia da COVID-19: revisão integrativa e desenvolvimento de trilhas de aprendizagem
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Data
2023-10-26
Autores
Conceição, Weslen de Sousa da [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Rossit, Rosana Aparecida Salvador [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado profissional
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Resumo
Em 2020, diante da pandemia da Covid-19, o Ministério da Saúde instituiu em caráter emergencial a Portaria nº 467, de 20 de março de 2020, que introduziu diretrizes regulatórias e operacionais para a telemedicina e suas áreas como atendimento pré-clínico, apoiar atendimento, consultas, monitoramento e diagnóstico mediados por Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC). O estudo parte do questionamento sobre a implementação da Telessaúde na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), reconhecendo que a prática em saúde envolve uma dimensão intrínseca do cuidado, abrangendo abordagens sensíveis às subjetividades dos indivíduos, promovendo relações empáticas e estabelecendo vínculos, bem como valorizando princípios éticos e troca de conhecimento. O escopo deste trabalho é analisar as práticas de Telessaúde na APS durante o contexto da pandemia de Covid-19 por meio de uma revisão integrativa, e desenvolver caminhos de aprendizagem em Telessaúde para a Educação Continuada dos profissionais da APS. Esta pesquisa adota abordagem exploratório-descritiva, com análise de dados qualitativos estruturada como Revisão Integrativa e desenvolvimento de produto educacional. A questão de pesquisa foi norteada pela estratégia PICO: “Quais práticas profissionais mediadas pela tecnologia foram empregadas para cuidar dos usuários na APS durante a pandemia da Covid-19?” A busca referente ao período 2019-2023, resultou em 776 publicações que foram avaliadas por dois avaliadores independentes com revisão em duplo cego, resultando em 14 artigos selecionados após aplicação de critérios de inclusão com base nos objetivos da pesquisa. O fluxo metodológico PRISMA (Page et al., 2021) foi utilizado para orientar a identificação e seleção dos estudos. A análise aprofundada dos estudos levou à extração dos dados e à organização da síntese em um quadro sinóptico. Da análise de conteúdo emergiram quatro categorias: 1) Telessaúde para Comunicação; 2) Telessaúde para Gestão de Informação e Dados; 3) Telessaúde para Expandir o Acesso na APS; e, 4) Telessaúde para Colaboração entre profissionais e serviços. Para as competências digitais, utilizou-se o Quadro Europeu de Competência Digital para Cidadãos (DigComp 2.0), que permitiu identificar quatro competências: 1) Interação através de tecnologias digitais; 2) Colaboração através de tecnologias digitais; 3) Proteção de dados pessoais e privacidade; 4) Gestão de dados, informação e conteúdo digital. Os resultados e discussões decorrentes da revisão integrativa serviram de base para a criação das Trilhas de Aprendizagem (TA), iniciativa que visa fomentar competências digitais em atividades práticas de serviços de saúde por meio da implementação de processos educativos específicos. As TA desenvolvidas configuraram-se como uma Produção Educacional classificada como protótipo de um Curso de Formação Profissional contendo atividades de capacitação criadas e organizadas no formato autoinstrucional visando contribuir para a valorização contínua dos profissionais da APS no cenário da Telessaúde.
In 2020, faced with the Covid-19 pandemic, the Ministry of Health urgently instituted Ordinance No. 467, dated March 20, 2020, which introduced regulatory and operational guidelines for telemedicine and its areas such as pre-clinical care, support services, consultations, monitoring, and diagnosis mediated by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The study begins with the questioning of the implementation of Telehealth in Primary Health Care (PHC), recognizing that health practice involves an intrinsic dimension of care, encompassing approaches sensitive to individual subjectivities, promoting empathetic relationships, and establishing bonds, as well as valuing ethical principles and knowledge exchange. The scope of this work is to analyze Telehealth practices in PHC during the context of the Covid-19 pandemic through an integrative review and to develop Telehealth learning pathways for the Continuing Education of PHC professionals. This research adopts an exploratory-descriptive approach, with qualitative data analysis structured as an Integrative Review and the development of an educational product. The research question was guided by the PICO strategy: "What professional practices mediated by technology were employed to care for users in PHC during the Covid-19 pandemic?" The search for the period 2019-2023 resulted in 776 publications that were evaluated by two independent reviewers through a double-blind review, resulting in 14 selected articles after applying inclusion criteria based on the research objectives. The PRISMA (Page et al., 2021) methodological flow was used to guide the identification and selection of studies. In-depth analysis of the studies led to data extraction and the organization of the synthesis into a synoptic table. Four categories emerged from the content analysis: 1) Telehealth for Communication; 2) Telehealth for Information and Data Management; 3) Telehealth to Expand Access in PHC; and, 4) Telehealth for Collaboration among professionals and services. For digital competencies, the European Digital Competence Framework for Citizens (DigComp 2.0) was used, identifying four competencies: 1) Interaction through digital technologies; 2) Collaboration through digital technologies; 3) Protection of personal data and privacy; 4) Management of data, information, and digital content. The results and discussions arising from the integrative review served as the basis for the creation of Learning Pathways (LP), an initiative aimed at fostering digital competencies in practical health service activities through the implementation of specific educational processes. The developed LPs constituted an Educational Production classified as a prototype of a Professional Training Course containing self-instructional training activities created and organized to contribute to the continuous valorization of PHC professionals in the Telehealth scenario.
In 2020, faced with the Covid-19 pandemic, the Ministry of Health urgently instituted Ordinance No. 467, dated March 20, 2020, which introduced regulatory and operational guidelines for telemedicine and its areas such as pre-clinical care, support services, consultations, monitoring, and diagnosis mediated by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The study begins with the questioning of the implementation of Telehealth in Primary Health Care (PHC), recognizing that health practice involves an intrinsic dimension of care, encompassing approaches sensitive to individual subjectivities, promoting empathetic relationships, and establishing bonds, as well as valuing ethical principles and knowledge exchange. The scope of this work is to analyze Telehealth practices in PHC during the context of the Covid-19 pandemic through an integrative review and to develop Telehealth learning pathways for the Continuing Education of PHC professionals. This research adopts an exploratory-descriptive approach, with qualitative data analysis structured as an Integrative Review and the development of an educational product. The research question was guided by the PICO strategy: "What professional practices mediated by technology were employed to care for users in PHC during the Covid-19 pandemic?" The search for the period 2019-2023 resulted in 776 publications that were evaluated by two independent reviewers through a double-blind review, resulting in 14 selected articles after applying inclusion criteria based on the research objectives. The PRISMA (Page et al., 2021) methodological flow was used to guide the identification and selection of studies. In-depth analysis of the studies led to data extraction and the organization of the synthesis into a synoptic table. Four categories emerged from the content analysis: 1) Telehealth for Communication; 2) Telehealth for Information and Data Management; 3) Telehealth to Expand Access in PHC; and, 4) Telehealth for Collaboration among professionals and services. For digital competencies, the European Digital Competence Framework for Citizens (DigComp 2.0) was used, identifying four competencies: 1) Interaction through digital technologies; 2) Collaboration through digital technologies; 3) Protection of personal data and privacy; 4) Management of data, information, and digital content. The results and discussions arising from the integrative review served as the basis for the creation of Learning Pathways (LP), an initiative aimed at fostering digital competencies in practical health service activities through the implementation of specific educational processes. The developed LPs constituted an Educational Production classified as a prototype of a Professional Training Course containing self-instructional training activities created and organized to contribute to the continuous valorization of PHC professionals in the Telehealth scenario.
Descrição
Citação
CONCEIÇÃO, Weslen de Sousa da. Práticas profissionais mediadas por tecnologia no cuidado ao usuário da atenção primária durante a pandemia da COVID-19: revisão integrativa e desenvolvimento de trilhas de aprendizagem. 2023. 80 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Ensino em Ciências da Saúde) - Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). São Paulo, 2023.