A escolha da psiquiatria como carreira pelo sexto ano médico: revisão crítica no Brasil e no mundo
Data
2015-11-27
Autores
Fernandes, Rubens Luis Folchini 
Orientadores
Citero, Vanessa de Albuquerque
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: Existe baixa taxa de especialização em Psiquiatria no mundo, paralelamente à crescente demanda dos transtornos mentais na população. Portanto, torna-se foco de entendimento o fenômeno da escolha pela especialidade. Objetivos: A) Principal: realizar estudo de revisão sobre o contexto da Psiquiatria no Brasil e analisar os fatores influentes para escolha desta especialidade pelos estudantes do sexto ano médico; B) Específicos: (1) fornecer dados nacionais para estudo mundial sobre o tema e (2) realizar descrição preliminar dos dados coletados para o estudo multicêntrico. Métodos: Realizada revisão narrativa da literatura com os termos ?escolha da Psiquiatria?, ?ensino de Psiquiatria no Brasil? e ?escolha especialidade médica?; e realizado um estudo transversal multicêntrico com aplicação de escala padronizada para alunos no ultimo ano de formação médica sobre motivos da escolha da Psiquiatria. Resultados: Os resultados foram apresentados em dois artigos científicos, o primeiro, de revisão, no qual se encontrou uma baixa taxa de psiquiatras no Brasil (3.3/100.000 habitantes) em relação ao preconizado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, distribuídos irregularmente pelo território nacional; escolher a carreira em psiquiatria foi resultado de variáveis que incluíram fatores pessoais (aspirações e tendências), culturais (estigma), institucionais (contato com a especialidade em cursos de graduação) e as perspectivas de carreira (estrutura de atendimento, oportunidades de pós-graduação e salários). O segundo artigo, com dados mundiais (incluindo dados de 12 alunos de 6º ano no Brasil), mostrou que 4,5% de estudantes decidiram pela Psiquiatria. Associaram-se a essa decisão: sexo feminino, experiências pessoais com doenças mentais e físicas, atitudes positivas em relação à Psiquiatria, participação em ligas ou estágio eletivos na área, contato com paciente agudo e sentir-se responsável nos estágios. Qualidade e número de estágios associaram-se a altos escores na escala de atitudes em Psiquiatria (ATP-18). Por fim, a descrição da amostra nacional foi apresentada, sendo que apenas dois dos 12 alunos mostravam interesse em fazer Psiquiatria.
BACKGROUND: There are lower rate of specialization in Psychiatry in the world, alongside the increasing demand of mental disorders in the population. Therefore, the phenomenon of specialty choice is focus of research. OBJECTIVES: A) Main objective: conduct a study on the context of psychiatry in Brazil and analyze the influential factors for choosing this specialty by the students of the sixth medical year; B) Specifics objectives: (1) to provide national data to global study on the subject and (2) to describe the Brazilian data collected for the multicenter study. METHODS: It was performed a narrative review of the literature with the keywords: ¿choice of Psychiatry¿, ¿Psychiatry education in Brazil¿ and ¿medical specialty choice¿; also it was developed a multicenter cross-sectional study with application of standard scale for students in the last year of medical course on reasons about the choice of Psychiatry. RESULTS: The results were presented in two papers, the first one was a review that found a low rate of psychiatrists in Brazil (3.3 / 100,000) compared to the recommended by the World Health Organization, unevenly distributed throughout the country; and choose a career in psychiatry was the result of variables that included personal factors (aspirations and tendencies), cultural (stigma), institutional (contact the specialty in undergraduate courses) and career prospects (service structure, graduate opportunities and wages). The second article had the global data (including data from 12 students in 6th year in Brazil), and showed that 4.5% of students decided by psychiatry in the world. Data associated with this decision were: be female, have personal experiences with mental and physical diseases, positive attitudes toward psychiatry, participation in leagues or elective stage in the area, contact with acute patient and feel responsible in stages. Quality and number of psychiatric stages were associated with higher scores on scale ¿Attitude to Psychiatry¿ (ATP-18). Finally, the description of the national sample was presented and only two of the 12 students showed interest in psychiatry. CONCLUSIONS: There are few psychiatrists in Brazil concentrated in economically developed regions with major academic opportunities. World data were provided on the choice of Psychiatry to assist in fighting the "recruitment crisis" of the psychiatric specialty. This study needs to be reapplicated in Brazil to collect a statistically representative sample.
BACKGROUND: There are lower rate of specialization in Psychiatry in the world, alongside the increasing demand of mental disorders in the population. Therefore, the phenomenon of specialty choice is focus of research. OBJECTIVES: A) Main objective: conduct a study on the context of psychiatry in Brazil and analyze the influential factors for choosing this specialty by the students of the sixth medical year; B) Specifics objectives: (1) to provide national data to global study on the subject and (2) to describe the Brazilian data collected for the multicenter study. METHODS: It was performed a narrative review of the literature with the keywords: ¿choice of Psychiatry¿, ¿Psychiatry education in Brazil¿ and ¿medical specialty choice¿; also it was developed a multicenter cross-sectional study with application of standard scale for students in the last year of medical course on reasons about the choice of Psychiatry. RESULTS: The results were presented in two papers, the first one was a review that found a low rate of psychiatrists in Brazil (3.3 / 100,000) compared to the recommended by the World Health Organization, unevenly distributed throughout the country; and choose a career in psychiatry was the result of variables that included personal factors (aspirations and tendencies), cultural (stigma), institutional (contact the specialty in undergraduate courses) and career prospects (service structure, graduate opportunities and wages). The second article had the global data (including data from 12 students in 6th year in Brazil), and showed that 4.5% of students decided by psychiatry in the world. Data associated with this decision were: be female, have personal experiences with mental and physical diseases, positive attitudes toward psychiatry, participation in leagues or elective stage in the area, contact with acute patient and feel responsible in stages. Quality and number of psychiatric stages were associated with higher scores on scale ¿Attitude to Psychiatry¿ (ATP-18). Finally, the description of the national sample was presented and only two of the 12 students showed interest in psychiatry. CONCLUSIONS: There are few psychiatrists in Brazil concentrated in economically developed regions with major academic opportunities. World data were provided on the choice of Psychiatry to assist in fighting the "recruitment crisis" of the psychiatric specialty. This study needs to be reapplicated in Brazil to collect a statistically representative sample.
Descrição
Citação
FERNANDES, Rubens Luis Folchini. A escolha da psiquiatria como carreira pelo sexto ano médico: revisão crítica no Brasil e no mundo. 2015. 114 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2015.