Análise da variabilidade da temperatura da superfície do mar na região do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, através de dados de satélites
Data
2023-12-08
Autores
Silva, Mayara Pereira 
Orientadores
Watanabe, Wandrey de Bortoli
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo (ASPSP), localizado nas coordenadas
0°55’2”N 29°20’42”W, é o território brasileiro mais ao norte, localizado em uma área de
grande interação oceano-atmosfera. Esta região é marcada pela migração meridional da Zona
de Convergência Intertropical (ZCIT). O ASPSP está no centro do Oceano Atlântico
equatorial, o qual ainda é pouco estudado, se comparado às outras bacias oceânicas. O
monitoramento do planeta por satélites ganhou grande importância em programas de
observação contínua, esse método conhecido como sensoriamento remoto, consiste na coleta
de informações de um objeto sem contato físico com o mesmo. Essa abordagem apresenta
vantagens, como a visão global em duas dimensões, alta resolução espacial e temporal, além
da possibilidade de obter uma série consistente de dados ao longo dos anos. A captação de
dados da temperatura da superfície do mar (TSM) baseia-se na alta irradiação de energia do
oceano em direção à atmosfera com comprimentos de onda longos, causados pela temperatura
média da superfície do oceano, que varia entre 0°C e 30° C, sendo amostrada por satélites
desde a década de 1970. Considerando que o Atlântico Equatorial é uma zona de transição
entre o Atlântico Sul e o Norte e é marcado pela variação da ZCIT, este trabalho tem como
objetivo avaliar a variabilidade da TSM na região da ASPS. A fonte de dados usada para esse
estudo é o produto de nível 4 OSTIA, fornecido pelo Copernicus Marine Service. A
temperatura global da superfície do mar do OSTIA é produzida a partir de dados de satélites e
medidas in situ, com resolução espacial de 0,05° X 0,05°, temporal diária e com início da
série desde 1982. A área de estudo do trabalho é a região delimitada entre 10°S a 10°N e entre
62°W a 10°E. Com a série temporal de 1982 a 2020, anos escolhidos para termos apenas anos
completos, foi calculada a média mensal e os respectivos desvios-padrão, gerando assim um
ano climatológico. Nos resultados obtidos a amplitude térmica é entre 29,4ºC e 30,2ºC, com
desvios-padrão de 0,02ºC a 0,12ºC. Apesar de haver pouca variação nos valores de
temperatura, comparando os meses selecionados, podemos perceber que há uma notável
variação no padrão de distribuição das temperaturas, visto que a região possui padrões
característicos de migração dos ventos. A norte e sudeste da região equatorial, há uma baixa
da TSM, concentrando temperaturas elevadas de leste para oeste no início do semestre, já no
segundo semestre as temperaturas elevadas concentram-se a oeste, uma vez que o leste da
África apresenta uma baixa na TSM.
The Archipelago of São Pedro and São Paulo (ASPSP), located at coordinates 0°55’2”N 29°20’42”W, is the northernmost Brazilian territory, located in an area of great ocean-atmosphere interaction. This region is marked by the southern migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The ASPSP is in the center of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, which is still little studied compared to other ocean basins. Monitoring the planet by satellites has gained great importance in continuous observation programs, this method known as remote sensing, consists of collecting information from an object without physical contact with it. This approach has advantages, such as a global view in two dimensions, high spatial and temporal resolution, as well as the possibility of obtaining a consistent series of data over the years. Sea surface temperature (SST) data capture is based on high energy radiation from the ocean toward the atmosphere at long wavelengths, caused by the average ocean surface temperature, which varies between 0°C and 30° C, being sampled by satellites since the 1970s. Considering that the Equatorial Atlantic is a transition zone between the South and North Atlantic and is marked by the variation of the ITCZ, this work aims to evaluate the variability of the SST in the ASPS region. The data source used for this study is the OSTIA level 4 product provided by the Copernicus Marine Service. The OSTIA global sea surface temperature is produced from satellite data and in situ measurements, with a spatial resolution of 0.05° of work is the region delimited between 10°S to 10°N and between 62°W to 10°E. With the time series from 1982 to 2020, years chosen to have only complete years, the monthly average and the respective standard deviations were calculated, thus generating a climatological year. In the results obtained, the thermal amplitude is between 29.4ºC and 30.2ºC, with standard deviations of 0.02ºC to 0.12ºC. Although there is little variation in temperature values, comparing the months of January and July, we can see that there is a notable variation in the temperature distribution pattern, given that the region has characteristic wind migration patterns. To the north and southeast of the equatorial region, there is a low SST, concentrating high temperatures from east to west during the first half of the year. already in the second semester high temperatures are concentrated in the west, as east Africa has a low SST.
The Archipelago of São Pedro and São Paulo (ASPSP), located at coordinates 0°55’2”N 29°20’42”W, is the northernmost Brazilian territory, located in an area of great ocean-atmosphere interaction. This region is marked by the southern migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The ASPSP is in the center of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, which is still little studied compared to other ocean basins. Monitoring the planet by satellites has gained great importance in continuous observation programs, this method known as remote sensing, consists of collecting information from an object without physical contact with it. This approach has advantages, such as a global view in two dimensions, high spatial and temporal resolution, as well as the possibility of obtaining a consistent series of data over the years. Sea surface temperature (SST) data capture is based on high energy radiation from the ocean toward the atmosphere at long wavelengths, caused by the average ocean surface temperature, which varies between 0°C and 30° C, being sampled by satellites since the 1970s. Considering that the Equatorial Atlantic is a transition zone between the South and North Atlantic and is marked by the variation of the ITCZ, this work aims to evaluate the variability of the SST in the ASPS region. The data source used for this study is the OSTIA level 4 product provided by the Copernicus Marine Service. The OSTIA global sea surface temperature is produced from satellite data and in situ measurements, with a spatial resolution of 0.05° of work is the region delimited between 10°S to 10°N and between 62°W to 10°E. With the time series from 1982 to 2020, years chosen to have only complete years, the monthly average and the respective standard deviations were calculated, thus generating a climatological year. In the results obtained, the thermal amplitude is between 29.4ºC and 30.2ºC, with standard deviations of 0.02ºC to 0.12ºC. Although there is little variation in temperature values, comparing the months of January and July, we can see that there is a notable variation in the temperature distribution pattern, given that the region has characteristic wind migration patterns. To the north and southeast of the equatorial region, there is a low SST, concentrating high temperatures from east to west during the first half of the year. already in the second semester high temperatures are concentrated in the west, as east Africa has a low SST.
Descrição
Citação
SILVA, Mayara Pereira Análise da variabilidade da temperatura da superfície do mar na região do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, através de dados de satélites. 2023. 26 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Bacharelado Interdisciplinar em Ciência e Tecnologia do Mar) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Santos, 2023.