O papel das mitocôndrias na regulação do ferro intracelular
Data
2023-12-20
Autores
Moreto, Aparecida Joana 
Orientadores
Antoneli Junior, Fernando Martins
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
As mitocôndrias são organelas eucarióticas semiautônomas de origem bacteriana endossimbiótica que retêm um vestígio de seu genoma ancestral, o DNA mitocondrial (mtDNA). Elas estão envolvidas em inúmeros processos metabólicos, sendo esses, síntese de ATP, manutenção da homeostase do cálcio e ferro, regulação da apoptose, metabolismo de lipídios, síntese de hormônios e vitaminas e grupo heme, produção de calor, participação de processos imunológicos, crescimento celular, produção de radicais livres e estão relacionadas ao processo inevitável de envelhecimento. Sua atividade também é de grande importância na homeostase do ferro. O ferro é um elemento fundamental para muitos processos metabólicos, incluindo transferência de elétrons, transporte de oxigênio e dióxido de carbono e diferenciação celular. O ferro obtido por meio da ingestão, pode ser encontrado em duas formas: heme, proveniente principalmente da degradação da hemoglobina e da mioglobina e produtos de origem animal e não-heme que é derivado de produtos vegetais e animais. Por apresentar uma alta toxicidade, o ferro normalmente é encontrado associado com outros elementos ou proteínas. Além disso, devido a essa toxicidade e sua importância em diversos processos, os mecanismos de absorção, transporte e armazenamento são altamente regulados por diferentes proteínas, tanto de forma sistêmica como celular. Após a absorção e transporte na corrente sanguínea, o ferro no interior de células alvo é transferido para a mitocôndria onde ocorre a síntese de proteínas que necessitam de ferro (grupo heme e aglomerado de Fe-S). Mutações em genes relacionados à homeostase do ferro causam sérios impactos deletério a nível sistêmico nos indivíduos que as possuem.
Mitochondria are semiautonomous eukaryotic organelles of endosymbiotic bacterial origin that retain a vestige of their ancestral genome, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). They are involved in several metabolic processes, such as ATP synthesis, maintenance of calcium and iron homeostasis, regulation of apoptosis, lipid metabolism, synthesis of hormones and vitamins and the heme group, heat production, participation in the immunological process, cellular growth, production of free radicals and they are related to the aging process. Their activities are also of great importance in iron homeostasis. Iron is a fundamental element for many metabolic processes, including electron transfer, oxygen and carbon dioxide transport, and cell differentiation. Iron obtained through digestion can be found in two forms: heme, which comes mainly from the manipulation of hemoglobin and myoglobin and from animal origin and nonheme which are derived from plant and animal products. Due to its high toxicity, iron is normally found associated with other elements or proteins. Furthermore, because iron is a toxic and important element to various processes, absorption, transport, and storage, it is highly regulated by different proteins, both systemic and cellularly. After the iron absorption, it is transported to cell targets specifically to mitochondria where proteins containing iron are produced (Heme group and FeS cluster). Thus, mutations in genes related to iron homeostasis cause serious impacts on organism.
Mitochondria are semiautonomous eukaryotic organelles of endosymbiotic bacterial origin that retain a vestige of their ancestral genome, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). They are involved in several metabolic processes, such as ATP synthesis, maintenance of calcium and iron homeostasis, regulation of apoptosis, lipid metabolism, synthesis of hormones and vitamins and the heme group, heat production, participation in the immunological process, cellular growth, production of free radicals and they are related to the aging process. Their activities are also of great importance in iron homeostasis. Iron is a fundamental element for many metabolic processes, including electron transfer, oxygen and carbon dioxide transport, and cell differentiation. Iron obtained through digestion can be found in two forms: heme, which comes mainly from the manipulation of hemoglobin and myoglobin and from animal origin and nonheme which are derived from plant and animal products. Due to its high toxicity, iron is normally found associated with other elements or proteins. Furthermore, because iron is a toxic and important element to various processes, absorption, transport, and storage, it is highly regulated by different proteins, both systemic and cellularly. After the iron absorption, it is transported to cell targets specifically to mitochondria where proteins containing iron are produced (Heme group and FeS cluster). Thus, mutations in genes related to iron homeostasis cause serious impacts on organism.