Uso e cobertura da terra e esporotricose: uma análise socioambiental na cidade de Peruíbe, SP
Data
2023-11-27
Orientadores
Bitencourt, Ana Luisa Vietti 
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
As interações entre os humanos, os animais e o ambiente de diferentes
maneiras podem ser responsáveis pelas transmissões zoonóticas. A esporotricose é
uma doença fúngica de cunho zoonótico e ambiental, que se apresenta na forma de
surtos epidêmicos em vários países e no Brasil. A adaptação desses fungos para o
hospedeiro e as constantes mudanças no ambiente natural podem favorecer o
surgimento de novas situações no ambiente, constituindo uma provável ponte para o
fungo, entre o meio ambiente e o ser humano. Neste sentido, o objetivo do presente
estudo foi avaliar a evolução dos usos e cobertura da terra, no período de 5 anos
(2017 a 2021) e a ocorrência de casos de esporotricose animal na cidade de Peruíbe,
SP. Esta pesquisa é interdisciplinar e envolveu a utilização do geoprocessamento e
análise de dados espaciais, integrando a análise do NDVI (Normalized Difference
Vegetation Index) e métricas da paisagem pela abordagem da ecologia de paisagens,
utilizando-se, PLAND (Porcentagem da paisagem), NP (Número de manchas); PERIM
(Perímetro de manchas), maior área da mancha, LPI (Índice de maior mancha) e
COHESION (Índice de coesão de mancha) a fim de relacionar a ocorrência da doença
com dados de análise da paisagem ao longo da série histórica. A análise de dados
espaciais envolveu duas escalas: a escala do município de Peruíbe e a escala no
deslocamento dos gatos domésticos na paisagem (raio de 1 km). Além disso, buscou se complementar as análises com dados das condições socioambientais, incluindo o
número de habitantes, Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) per capita, índice de
envelhecimento, saneamento básico e coleta de resíduos sólidos, a partir de fontes
como IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) e SEADE (Fundação
Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados), a fim de se identificar possíveis fatores
relacionados à doença associados a essas condições. Como resultados, a análise da
escala do deslocamento dos gatos domésticos permitiu melhor metrizar as relações
entre a ocorrência da doença com a evolução do uso e cobertura da terra dos setores
delimitados nesta escala. O levantamento da ocorrência dos casos de esporotricose
animal, disponibilizados pelo município de Peruíbe, revelou um crescimento médio de
27,75% de casos de esporotricose animal por ano na série histórica. As
transformações dos usos e cobertura da terra destacou a área urbana como potencial
classe associada ao aumento da esporotricose, associado aos baixos índices de
NDVI, e com as métricas da paisagem NP, PERIM, maior área da mancha, LPI e
COHESION. Em relação aos dados socioambientais, as oscilações de saneamento
básico e aumento da população, parecem potencializar a ocorrência da esporotricose
animal. Este estudo é inédito para o Brasil, colocando o município de Peruíbe como
alvo da análise, trazendo um novo horizonte para a problemática da esporotricose
animal com abordagem interdisciplinar, relacionando a ocorrência da doença em
relação a análise da paisagem e a dados socioambientais. Como perspectivas futuras
sugere-se aprimorar os estudos com novas avaliações das métricas da paisagem para
o município, para um melhor entendimento sobre a evolução e os efeitos da doença
na paisagem.
Interactions between humans, animals and the environment in different ways may be responsible for zoonotic transmissions. Sporotrichosis is a fungal disease of zoonotic and environmental nature, which presents itself in the form of epidemic outbreaks in several countries and in Brazil. The adaptation of these fungi to the host and the constant changes in the natural environment can favor the emergence of new situations in the environment, constituting a probable bridge for the fungus, between the environment and humans. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the evolution of land use and coverage, over a period of 5 years (2017 to 2021) and the occurrence of cases of animal sporotrichosis in the city of Peruíbe, SP. This research is interdisciplinary and involved the use of geoprocessing and spatial data analysis, integrating the analysis of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and landscape metrics through the landscape ecology approach, using PLAND (Percentage of Landscape), NP (Number of spots); PERIM (Spot Perimeter), largest spot area, LPI (Largest Spot Index) and COHESION (Spot Cohesion Index) in order to relate the occurrence of the disease with landscape analysis data throughout the historical series. The analysis of spatial data involved two scales: the scale of the municipality of Peruíbe and the scale of the movement of domestic cats across the landscape (1 km radius). Furthermore, we sought to complement the analyzes with data on socio-environmental conditions, including the number of inhabitants, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, aging index, basic sanitation and solid waste collection, from sources such as IBGE (Instituto Brazilian Geography and Statistics) and SEADE (State Data Analysis System Foundation), in order to identify possible disease-related factors associated with these conditions. As a result, the analysis of the scale of the movement of domestic cats allowed a better measurement of the relationships between the occurrence of the disease and the evolution of land use and coverage in the sectors delimited on this scale. The survey of the occurrence of cases of animal sporotrichosis, made available by the municipality of Peruíbe, revealed an average increase of 27.75% of cases of animal sporotrichosis per year in the historical series. The transformations in land use and cover highlighted the urban area as a potential class associated with the increase in sporotrichosis, associated with low NDVI rates, and with the landscape metrics NP, PERIM, largest patch area, LPI and COHESION. In relation to socio-environmental data, fluctuations in basic sanitation and population increase seem to increase the occurrence of animal sporotrichosis. This study is unprecedented for Brazil, placing the municipality of Peruíbe as the target of analysis, bringing a new horizon to the problem of animal sporotrichosis with an interdisciplinary approach, relating the occurrence of the disease in relation to landscape analysis and socio-environmental data. As future perspectives, it is suggested to improve studies with new assessments of landscape metrics for the municipality, for a better understanding of the evolution and effects of the disease on the landscape.
Interactions between humans, animals and the environment in different ways may be responsible for zoonotic transmissions. Sporotrichosis is a fungal disease of zoonotic and environmental nature, which presents itself in the form of epidemic outbreaks in several countries and in Brazil. The adaptation of these fungi to the host and the constant changes in the natural environment can favor the emergence of new situations in the environment, constituting a probable bridge for the fungus, between the environment and humans. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the evolution of land use and coverage, over a period of 5 years (2017 to 2021) and the occurrence of cases of animal sporotrichosis in the city of Peruíbe, SP. This research is interdisciplinary and involved the use of geoprocessing and spatial data analysis, integrating the analysis of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and landscape metrics through the landscape ecology approach, using PLAND (Percentage of Landscape), NP (Number of spots); PERIM (Spot Perimeter), largest spot area, LPI (Largest Spot Index) and COHESION (Spot Cohesion Index) in order to relate the occurrence of the disease with landscape analysis data throughout the historical series. The analysis of spatial data involved two scales: the scale of the municipality of Peruíbe and the scale of the movement of domestic cats across the landscape (1 km radius). Furthermore, we sought to complement the analyzes with data on socio-environmental conditions, including the number of inhabitants, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, aging index, basic sanitation and solid waste collection, from sources such as IBGE (Instituto Brazilian Geography and Statistics) and SEADE (State Data Analysis System Foundation), in order to identify possible disease-related factors associated with these conditions. As a result, the analysis of the scale of the movement of domestic cats allowed a better measurement of the relationships between the occurrence of the disease and the evolution of land use and coverage in the sectors delimited on this scale. The survey of the occurrence of cases of animal sporotrichosis, made available by the municipality of Peruíbe, revealed an average increase of 27.75% of cases of animal sporotrichosis per year in the historical series. The transformations in land use and cover highlighted the urban area as a potential class associated with the increase in sporotrichosis, associated with low NDVI rates, and with the landscape metrics NP, PERIM, largest patch area, LPI and COHESION. In relation to socio-environmental data, fluctuations in basic sanitation and population increase seem to increase the occurrence of animal sporotrichosis. This study is unprecedented for Brazil, placing the municipality of Peruíbe as the target of analysis, bringing a new horizon to the problem of animal sporotrichosis with an interdisciplinary approach, relating the occurrence of the disease in relation to landscape analysis and socio-environmental data. As future perspectives, it is suggested to improve studies with new assessments of landscape metrics for the municipality, for a better understanding of the evolution and effects of the disease on the landscape.