Adesão às práticas preventivas para linfedema secundário ao cêncer de mama: estudo qualitativo
Data
2023-11-27
Autores
Fantinatti, Giovana Dividino 
Orientadores
Amaral, Maria Teresa Pace do
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: o linfedema secundário ao câncer de mama é uma condição crônica que tem
grande impacto negativo na qualidade de vida das mulheres. Os principais fatores de risco
para o seu desenvolvimento, na mulher em tratamento oncológico, são a dissecção axilar,
radioterapia, quimioterapia, obesidade e infecção no membro homolateral à cirurgia. As
práticas preventivas orientadas às mulheres, por profissionais da saúde, podem minimizar
as chances do desenvolvimento do linfedema. Ainda que elas tenham acesso a essas
orientações, observa-se dificuldade de adesão às práticas. Objetivo: compreender como as
mulheres se comportam no dia a dia em relação às práticas preventivas para linfedema,
identificando barreiras e facilitadores para a adesão à prevenção. Método: estudo
descritivo de abordagem clínico qualitativa com amostragem sequencial e intencional de
mulheres recrutadas por meio do método bola de neve. A saturação teórica dos dados
definiu o tamanho amostral. Utilizou-se entrevista semidirigida de questões abertas e a
análise dos resultados foi feita a partir do método dedutivo de análise de conteúdo.
Resultados: sete mulheres participaram do estudo e identificou-se quatro categorias
temáticas, sendo o conhecimento e a compreensão sobre linfedema; as crenças e as
expectativas; a adesão às práticas preventivas; e o papel dos profissionais da saúde como
determinantes para a adesão. Conclusão: o conhecimento sobre linfedema pelas mulheres
mostrou-se basicamente acerca da dissecção axilar e das práticas preventivas. As crenças e
expectativas das mulheres sobre o risco do linfedema demonstraram que a percepção desse
risco e a visão positiva na capacidade em manejar os sintomas são importantes fatores para
a adesão à prevenção. As principais barreiras para a adesão foram o esquecimento, a
dificuldade da incorporação das práticas na rotina, a indisposição e a dependência de
outras pessoas. O compartilhamento de informações equivocadas por profissionais de
saúde destacou-se como prejudicial no processo de autocuidado das mulheres. O acesso a
uma rede de apoio e a bons profissionais de saúde, e sentir-se pertencente a um grupo de
mulheres que passaram pelo tratamento oncológico, foram considerados facilitadores para
a adesão às práticas preventivas.
Introduction: Breast cancer-related lymphoedema is a chronic condition that significantly impacts women's quality of life. Key risk factors for its development in women undergoing oncological treatment include axillary lymph node dissection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, obesity, and infection in the limb ipsilateral to surgery. Preventive practices guided by healthcare professionals can minimize the chances of lymphedema development. However, despite access to these guidelines, there is observed difficulty in adherence to practices. Objective: To understand how women behave in their daily lives regarding preventive practices for lymphedema, identifying barriers and facilitators to prevention adherence. Method: A descriptive study with a clinical qualitative approach using sequential and intentional sampling of women recruited through the snowball method. The theoretical saturation of data defined the sample size. Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were used, and the results were analyzed using the deductive method of content analysis. Results: Seven women participated in the study, and four thematic categories were identified: knowledge and understanding of lymphedema; beliefs and expectations; adherence to preventive practices; and the role of healthcare professionals as determinants for adherence. Conclusion: Women's knowledge about lymphedema primarily revolved around axillary dissection and preventive practices. Women's beliefs and expectations about lymphedema risk demonstrated that risk perception and a positive view of their ability to manage symptoms are important factors for adherence to prevention. The main barriers to adherence were forgetfulness, difficulty incorporating practices into the routine, unwillingness, and dependence on others. The sharing of misinformation by healthcare professionals stood out as detrimental to women's self-care processes. Access to a support network and to good healthcare professionals, as well as feeling a sense of belonging to a group of women who have undergone oncological treatment, were considered facilitators for adherence to preventive practices.
Introduction: Breast cancer-related lymphoedema is a chronic condition that significantly impacts women's quality of life. Key risk factors for its development in women undergoing oncological treatment include axillary lymph node dissection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, obesity, and infection in the limb ipsilateral to surgery. Preventive practices guided by healthcare professionals can minimize the chances of lymphedema development. However, despite access to these guidelines, there is observed difficulty in adherence to practices. Objective: To understand how women behave in their daily lives regarding preventive practices for lymphedema, identifying barriers and facilitators to prevention adherence. Method: A descriptive study with a clinical qualitative approach using sequential and intentional sampling of women recruited through the snowball method. The theoretical saturation of data defined the sample size. Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were used, and the results were analyzed using the deductive method of content analysis. Results: Seven women participated in the study, and four thematic categories were identified: knowledge and understanding of lymphedema; beliefs and expectations; adherence to preventive practices; and the role of healthcare professionals as determinants for adherence. Conclusion: Women's knowledge about lymphedema primarily revolved around axillary dissection and preventive practices. Women's beliefs and expectations about lymphedema risk demonstrated that risk perception and a positive view of their ability to manage symptoms are important factors for adherence to prevention. The main barriers to adherence were forgetfulness, difficulty incorporating practices into the routine, unwillingness, and dependence on others. The sharing of misinformation by healthcare professionals stood out as detrimental to women's self-care processes. Access to a support network and to good healthcare professionals, as well as feeling a sense of belonging to a group of women who have undergone oncological treatment, were considered facilitators for adherence to preventive practices.
Descrição
Citação
FANTINATTI, Giovana Dividino. Adesão às práticas preventivas para linfedema secundário ao cêncer de mama: estudo qualitativo. 2023. 43 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Fisioterapia) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Santos, 2023.