Fentanil: uma ameaça para a sociedade brasileira ou um medicamento opioide de grande importância no gerenciamento da dor?
Data
2023-11-24
Autores
Kuhn, Gabriela Pereira 
Orientadores
Nappo, Solange Aparecida
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A utilização de opioides na prática clínica desempenha um papel de extrema
relevância, dada a sua eficácia no controle da dor e na promoção da melhora da
qualidade de vida de pacientes acometidos por dores intensas e crônicas, como em
casos de pós-operatórios complexos, câncer e alguns tipos de dores agudas. Dentre
os fármacos dessa classe, o fentanil1
, um opioide aproximadamente 100 vezes mais
potente que a morfina, desempenha um papel crucial. Sua elevada potência o torna
importante, especialmente quando se trata de pacientes com tolerância a opioides
mais fracos ou em situações de dor intensa que demandam alívio rápido. Por outro
lado, o uso de opioides também é cercado por preocupações significativas. A potência
desses fármacos e seu potencial para causar dependência são fontes de inquietação.
Este trabalho foi desenvolvido como uma revisão narrativa, com o objetivo de analisar
o papel do fentanil na sociedade brasileira, avaliando se esse opioide representa uma
ameaça significativa ou se é fundamental no manejo da dor. A pesquisa que embasou
a escrita deste material foi realizada nas plataformas de busca da National Library of
Medicine (NLM), Pubmed e do portal Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e
os termos empregados para a busca foram ópio, opioides, fentanil, dependência,
abuso, epidemia, analgesia, dor e overdose.
Os dados obtidos demonstraram que a recente entrada do fentanil no mercado
clandestino de drogas no país, juntamente com os achados relacionados ao aumento
na prevalência das prescrições e do uso não medicinal de opioides, sinaliza um
cenário preocupante e que deve ser observado com maior atenção. No entanto, é
importante reconhecer que o fentanil representa uma ferramenta valiosa no manejo
da dor irruptiva e não deve ser excluído da prática clínica, embora o abuso da
substância possa representar uma ameaça à sociedade.
The use of opioids in clinical practice plays an extremely relevant role, given their effectiveness in pain control and improving the quality of life for patients suffering from intense and chronic pain, such as in complex postoperative cases, cancer, and certain types of acute pain. Among the drugs in this class, fentanyl2 , an opioid approximately 100 times more potent than morphine, plays a crucial role. Its high potency is significant, especially in cases involving patients tolerant to weaker opioids or situations of intense pain requiring rapid relief. However, the use of opioids is also surrounded by significant concerns, stemming from the potency of these drugs and their potential for dependence. This study was developed as a narrative review with the aim of analyzing the role of fentanyl in Brazilian society, assessing whether this opioid poses a significant threat or is essential in pain management. The research informing this material was conducted on the National Library of Medicine (NLM), Pubmed, and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) platforms. The search terms employed included opium, opioids, fentanyl, dependence, abuse, epidemic, analgesia, pain, and overdose. The obtained data revealed that the recent entry of fentanyl into the country's illicit drug market, coupled with findings related to the increased prevalence of prescriptions and non-medical use of opioids, signals a concerning scenario that requires closer attention. Nevertheless, it is crucial to recognize that fentanyl represents a valuable tool in managing breakthrough pain and should not be excluded from clinical practice, despite the substance abuse posing a threat to society.
The use of opioids in clinical practice plays an extremely relevant role, given their effectiveness in pain control and improving the quality of life for patients suffering from intense and chronic pain, such as in complex postoperative cases, cancer, and certain types of acute pain. Among the drugs in this class, fentanyl2 , an opioid approximately 100 times more potent than morphine, plays a crucial role. Its high potency is significant, especially in cases involving patients tolerant to weaker opioids or situations of intense pain requiring rapid relief. However, the use of opioids is also surrounded by significant concerns, stemming from the potency of these drugs and their potential for dependence. This study was developed as a narrative review with the aim of analyzing the role of fentanyl in Brazilian society, assessing whether this opioid poses a significant threat or is essential in pain management. The research informing this material was conducted on the National Library of Medicine (NLM), Pubmed, and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) platforms. The search terms employed included opium, opioids, fentanyl, dependence, abuse, epidemic, analgesia, pain, and overdose. The obtained data revealed that the recent entry of fentanyl into the country's illicit drug market, coupled with findings related to the increased prevalence of prescriptions and non-medical use of opioids, signals a concerning scenario that requires closer attention. Nevertheless, it is crucial to recognize that fentanyl represents a valuable tool in managing breakthrough pain and should not be excluded from clinical practice, despite the substance abuse posing a threat to society.