Efeito do Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade na Pressão Arterial de Indivíduos Hipertensos: Revisão de Literatura
Data
2023-11-30
Autores
Cruz, Victor Hugo Almeida 
Orientadores
Medeiros, Alessandra
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A alta prevalência da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) na população aliada ao fato dessa doença crônica ser um dos principais fatores de risco para eventos cardiovasculares, suscita a pesquisa de formas alternativas de exercício físico que possibilitem a redução dos níveis pressóricos na população hipertensa. Na última década, o Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade (TIAI) - popularmente conhecido como HIIT (High Intensity Interval Training) - vem demonstrando ser eficaz na redução sustentada da pressão arterial. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade sobre a pressão arterial sistêmica de indivíduos hipertensos segundo a literatura acadêmica. O método de pesquisa aplicado envolve a revisão sistemática dos dados da literatura produzida nos últimos 13 anos nas bases de pesquisa SciELO, PubMed, LILACS e PEDro que englobam o Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade associado à redução dos níveis pressóricos em hipertensos. A amostra final da revisão sistemática foi composta de 3 ensaios clínicos, sendo que dois avaliaram os efeitos crônicos do Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade e um avaliou os efeitos agudos. As amostras dos artigos foram compostas por homens e mulheres adultos diagnosticados com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica sendo que nos estudos crônicos, os indivíduos foram submetidos a 8 semanas de intervenção e a cada semana compareceram 3 vezes para treinar, totalizando ao final, 24 sessões de Treinamento Intervalado. Foram empregados protocolos de exercícios distintos em cada artigo, mas todos marcados por períodos de alta intensidade e curta duração seguidos de intervalos de descanso. Cronicamente os resultados se mostraram controversos, uma vez que dentre os artigos que estudaram os efeitos de longo prazo, um se posicionou favoravelmente ao efeito hipotensor do Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade em indivíduos hipertensos e o outro não observou nenhuma alteração na pressão arterial. Agudamente, o único artigo inserido na presente revisão se posicionou favorável ao Treinamento Intervalado, de modo que houve redução significativa da pressão arterial na população estudada. Depreende-se das fontes consultadas que é possível especular que o Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade possui potencial para ser uma ferramenta não-farmacológica capaz de reduzir os níveis pressóricos para níveis aceitáveis na população hipertensa, contudo, os resultados devem ser tratados com muita cautela e necessitam de novas pesquisas científicas que os endossem.
The high prevalence of Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) in the population, combined with the fact that this chronic disease is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular events, encourages research into alternative forms of physical exercise that enable the reduction of blood pressure levels in the hypertensive population. Over the last decade, High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) - popularly known as HIIT (High Intensity Interval Training) - has been shown to be effective in sustaining a reduction in blood pressure. The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of High Intensity Interval Training on the systemic blood pressure of hypertensive individuals according to academic literature. The research method applied involves the systematic review of literature data produced over the last 13 years in the SciELO, PubMed, LILACS and PEDro research bases that encompass High Intensity Interval Training associated with the reduction of blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients. The final sample of the systematic review was made up of 3 clinical trials, two of which evaluated the chronic effects of High Intensity Interval Training and one evaluated the acute effects. The samples of the articles were composed of adult men and women diagnosed with Systemic Arterial Hypertension and in chronic studies, the individuals were subjected to 8 weeks of intervention and each week they attended 3 times to train, totaling in the end, 24 sessions of Interval Training . Different exercise protocols were used in each article, but all were marked by periods of high intensity and short duration followed by rest intervals. Chronically, the results proved to be controversial, since among the articles that studied the long-term effects, one was in favor of the hypotensive effect of High Intensity Interval Training in hypertensive individuals and the other did not observe any change in blood pressure. Acutely, the only article included in the present review was in favor of Interval Training, so that there was a significant reduction in blood pressure in the studied population. It appears from the sources consulted that it is possible to speculate that High Intensity Interval Training has the potential to be a non-pharmacological tool capable of reducing blood pressure levels to acceptable levels in the hypertensive population, however, the results must be treated with great caution and they need new scientific research to endorse them.
The high prevalence of Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) in the population, combined with the fact that this chronic disease is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular events, encourages research into alternative forms of physical exercise that enable the reduction of blood pressure levels in the hypertensive population. Over the last decade, High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) - popularly known as HIIT (High Intensity Interval Training) - has been shown to be effective in sustaining a reduction in blood pressure. The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of High Intensity Interval Training on the systemic blood pressure of hypertensive individuals according to academic literature. The research method applied involves the systematic review of literature data produced over the last 13 years in the SciELO, PubMed, LILACS and PEDro research bases that encompass High Intensity Interval Training associated with the reduction of blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients. The final sample of the systematic review was made up of 3 clinical trials, two of which evaluated the chronic effects of High Intensity Interval Training and one evaluated the acute effects. The samples of the articles were composed of adult men and women diagnosed with Systemic Arterial Hypertension and in chronic studies, the individuals were subjected to 8 weeks of intervention and each week they attended 3 times to train, totaling in the end, 24 sessions of Interval Training . Different exercise protocols were used in each article, but all were marked by periods of high intensity and short duration followed by rest intervals. Chronically, the results proved to be controversial, since among the articles that studied the long-term effects, one was in favor of the hypotensive effect of High Intensity Interval Training in hypertensive individuals and the other did not observe any change in blood pressure. Acutely, the only article included in the present review was in favor of Interval Training, so that there was a significant reduction in blood pressure in the studied population. It appears from the sources consulted that it is possible to speculate that High Intensity Interval Training has the potential to be a non-pharmacological tool capable of reducing blood pressure levels to acceptable levels in the hypertensive population, however, the results must be treated with great caution and they need new scientific research to endorse them.
Descrição
Citação
Cruz, Victor Hugo Almeida. Efeito do Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade na Pressão Arterial de Indivíduos Hipertensos: Revisão de Literatura. 2023. 25 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Educação Física) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Santos, 2023.