Estudo de viabilidade do uso não potável da água de rebaixamento do freático em edificações
Data
2023-10-26
Autores
Menezes, Talita Dafne 
Orientadores
Mendes, Vinícius Ribau
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A água é essencial à vida e, embora nosso país seja rico em recursos hídricos, ainda sofremos com a sua falta em diversas cidades e regiões. A Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), inclusive, estabeleceu 17 Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), dentre elas, a meta 6 se refere à Água e ao Saneamento. Com este estudo, pretendeu-se analisar a viabilidade da reutilização da água de rebaixamento do nível freático na Baixada Santista, já efetuada pelos edifícios, visando à diminuição do estresse hídrico causado pela alta temporada, nas cidades, em especial, em Guarujá, além de conhecer a qualidade dessa água e apresentar sugestões para a administração pública sobre o assunto. A primeira etapa do estudo consistiu em aplicar um questionário (Comissão de Ética em Pesquisa - CEP/Unifesp 0962/2021; Parecer Final 5.144.733) aos responsáveis dos condomínios da região escolhida, a fim de verificar quais realizam o rebaixamento, qual é a quantidade de água armazenada e os possíveis consumos não potáveis dos edifícios. Foram abordados 132 representantes desses edifícios, dos quais 83 concordaram em participar da pesquisa. Desses condomínios, 42 efetuam o rebaixamento. A vazão diária de água encontrada em um dos pontos foi superior a 15 m³/dia, representando quantidade significativa para uso. Foram analisados os índices quanto à qualidade da água, como: a presença de bactérias fecais; nitritos; nitratos; amônias; fluoretos; cloretos; benzeno; tolueno; etilbenzeno; xileno; benzo(a)pireno; turbidez; sólidos totais; salinidade; condutividade; além de contaminantes emergentes. A Portaria do Departamento de Águas e Energia Elétrica (Daee) no 1.634/2017 exige limites de parâmetros, dos quais o único não atendido foi a presença de Escherichia coli (E. Coli), portanto, antes da reutilização, deverão ser realizados procedimentos de desinfecção da água. Foram detectadas a presença de alguns fármacos e drogas ilícitas, confirmando a contaminação do nível freático por esgoto. Os resultados encontrados não inviabilizam o uso dessa água para irrigação paisagística, lavagem de veículos e áreas comuns dos edifícios, como garagens e/ou calçadas. No presente estudo, é apresentada uma análise da legislação e destacados regulamentos que os edifícios devem seguir para essa reutilização, como a realização de cadastro no Daee, além de trazer sugestões à prefeitura para realização de monitoramento da qualidade do nível freático, promover o incentivo ao reúso, e o uso sustentável pela administração pública. Por fim, é apresentada uma cartilha educativa que poderá ser distribuída para informar a população sobre os aspectos envolvidos no reúso da água de rebaixamento do nível freático.
Water is essential in sustaining life, and despite Brazil’s abundant water resources, many cities and regions continue to grapple with water scarcity. The United Nations (UN) has outlined 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with Goal 6 specifically addressing Water and Sanitation. This study undertook an examination of the feasibility of reusing water of groundwater drawdown in the Baixada Santista region, implemented by certain entities, to alleviate water stress experienced during peak seasons in urban areas, with a particular focus on the city of Guarujá. Additionally, the study assessed water quality and aimed to provide recommendations to public authorities on this matter. The initial phase of the study involved the administration of a questionnaire (approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São Paulo - CEP/UNIFESP number 0962/2021; Final Report 5,144,733) to individuals responsible for condominiums in the selected region. The questionnaire aimed to identify which condominiums engaged in groundwater drawdown, quantify stored water volumes, and ascertain potential non-potable water usage within these buildings. A total of 132 representatives were contacted, of which 83 consented to participate in the research. Among these condominiums, 42 were found to implement groundwater drawdown practices. At one of the monitoring points, the daily water extraction exceeded the allowable limit (15m³/day) without a permit, signifying a significant water resource for potential usage. In terms of laboratory analysis, various water quality parameters were assessed, encompassing indicators such as the presence of fecal bacteria, nitrites, nitrates, ammonia, fluorides, chlorides, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, benzo(a)pyrene, turbidity, total solids, salinity, and conductivity. Compliance with the Department of Water and Electricity of the State of São Paulo (Daee) Ordinance n°1.634/17, which stipulates parameter limits, was examined. The only parameter that did not meet the prescribed standards was the presence of Escherichia coli, consequently, disinfection procedures are imperative before considering water reuse. Potential applications for the reclaimed water include landscape irrigation, vehicle washing, and the maintenance of common areas within buildings, such as garages and sidewalks. This study not only provides an analysis of pertinent legislation but also underscores the regulatory requirements that buildings must adhere to when implementing water reuse initiatives, including registration with the Daee. Additionally, recommendations are proposed for municipal authorities to oversee the quality of groundwater and promote sustainable practices.
Water is essential in sustaining life, and despite Brazil’s abundant water resources, many cities and regions continue to grapple with water scarcity. The United Nations (UN) has outlined 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with Goal 6 specifically addressing Water and Sanitation. This study undertook an examination of the feasibility of reusing water of groundwater drawdown in the Baixada Santista region, implemented by certain entities, to alleviate water stress experienced during peak seasons in urban areas, with a particular focus on the city of Guarujá. Additionally, the study assessed water quality and aimed to provide recommendations to public authorities on this matter. The initial phase of the study involved the administration of a questionnaire (approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São Paulo - CEP/UNIFESP number 0962/2021; Final Report 5,144,733) to individuals responsible for condominiums in the selected region. The questionnaire aimed to identify which condominiums engaged in groundwater drawdown, quantify stored water volumes, and ascertain potential non-potable water usage within these buildings. A total of 132 representatives were contacted, of which 83 consented to participate in the research. Among these condominiums, 42 were found to implement groundwater drawdown practices. At one of the monitoring points, the daily water extraction exceeded the allowable limit (15m³/day) without a permit, signifying a significant water resource for potential usage. In terms of laboratory analysis, various water quality parameters were assessed, encompassing indicators such as the presence of fecal bacteria, nitrites, nitrates, ammonia, fluorides, chlorides, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, benzo(a)pyrene, turbidity, total solids, salinity, and conductivity. Compliance with the Department of Water and Electricity of the State of São Paulo (Daee) Ordinance n°1.634/17, which stipulates parameter limits, was examined. The only parameter that did not meet the prescribed standards was the presence of Escherichia coli, consequently, disinfection procedures are imperative before considering water reuse. Potential applications for the reclaimed water include landscape irrigation, vehicle washing, and the maintenance of common areas within buildings, such as garages and sidewalks. This study not only provides an analysis of pertinent legislation but also underscores the regulatory requirements that buildings must adhere to when implementing water reuse initiatives, including registration with the Daee. Additionally, recommendations are proposed for municipal authorities to oversee the quality of groundwater and promote sustainable practices.
Descrição
Citação
MENEZES, Talita Dafne. Estudo de viabilidade do uso não potável da água de rebaixamento do freático em edificações. 2023. 160 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Interdisciplinar em Ciência e Tecnologia do Mar) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Santos, 2023.