Cursinhos Populares do Alto Tietê: um estudo sobre acesso ao ensino superior e construção da cidadania
Data
2023-08-25
Autores
Santos, Saulo Monteiro dos 
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
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Resumo
O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar os processos formativos relatados por coordenadores pedagógicos, professores e estudantes de cursinhos populares da região do Alto Tietê, em um contexto de forte presença da teoria do capital humano, uma faceta da pseudoformação que tem direcionado a formação dos jovens para a adequação ao mercado de trabalho. Os cursinhos populares são iniciativas cujo objetivo é viabilizar o acesso ao ensino superior público de qualidade àqueles segmentos tradicionalmente excluídos da sociedade brasileira. Nesse sentido, para além do ensino do conteúdo necessário à realização de processos seletivos para ingresso na Educação Superior, esta pesquisa busca analisar se os cursinhos visam também fortalecer a cidadania e a democracia por meio de maior participação popular. A hipótese que orienta este estudo é a de que os cursinhos populares buscam oferecer tanto uma formação geral ampla, voltada à reflexão crítica sobre a sociedade, quanto um ensino de conteúdos orientados para a aprovação em vestibulares, propósitos muitas vezes contraditórios que encontram limites para a sua realização. Para verificar a validade da hipótese, a pesquisa apresenta inicialmente uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática para compreender a atuação dos cursinhos populares na fase atual do capitalismo, o neoliberalismo, visto que diversas reformas no campo da educação têm sido implementadas e afetam essas iniciativas; após a compreensão desse contexto, realizamos o mapeamento e caracterização dos cursinhos populares da região do Alto Tietê, região próxima à capital paulista. Esse mapeamento e caracterização dos cursinhos populares teve por base dois procedimentos de método: 1) a coleta de informações sobre os cursinhos populares no Alto Tietê em diversas mídias e 2) a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com coordenadores, professores e estudantes de dois cursinhos da região - o Cursinho Comunitário A-Sol e o Cursinho Popular Maio de 68, situados nos municípios mais populosos do Alto Tietê, Guarulhos e Mogi das Cruzes, respectivamente. Por já funcionarem há alguns anos, esses cursinhos devem suscitar questões pertinentes aos limites de uma educação voltada tanto à emancipação quanto à preparação para o vestibular. A análise dos dados levantados teve como referência a Teoria Crítica da Sociedade. Encontramos em nossos resultados a permanência da contradição existente entre treino ao vestibular e formação crítica, o que permite o desvelamento do funcionamento da sociedade administrada.
The main objective of this research is to analyze the formative processes reported by pedagogical coordinators, teachers and students of cursinhos populares in the Alto Tietê region, in a context of strong presence of the theory of human capital, a facet of pseudoformation that has been driving the youth formation into adapting them to the labor market. The cursinhos populares are initiatives whose objective is to provide access to quality public higher education for those traditionally excluded segments of Brazilian society. In this sense, in addition to teaching the necessary content to carry out selection processes for admission to Higher Education, this research seeks to analyze whether the preparatory courses also aim to strengthen citizenship and democracy through greater popular participation. The hypothesis that guides this study is that the cursinhos populares seeks to offer both a broad general education, focused on critical reflection on society, and teaching content oriented towards passing entrance exams, often contradictory purposes that find limits to the its realization. To verify the validity of the hypothesis, the research will initially present a bibliographic review on the subject to understand the performance of cursinhos populares courses in the current phase of capitalism, neoliberalism, since several reforms in the field of education have been implemented and affects these initiatives; after understanding this context, a mapping and characterization of popular courses in the Alto Tietê region, region near the capital of São Paulo, will be carried out. This mapping and characterization of the cursinhos populares will be based on two method procedures: 1) the collection of information about the popular courses in Alto Tietê in different media and 2) semi-structured interviews with coordinators, teachers and students of two coursinhos populares of the region - the cursinho popular A-Sol and the cursinho popular Maio 68, located in the most populous municipalities of Alto Tietê, Guarulhos and Mogi das Cruzes, respectively. As they have been in operation for some years, these cursinhos populares should raise questions related to the limits of an education aimed at both emancipation and preparation for the entrance exam. The analysis of the collected data was based on the Critical Theory of Society. In our results, we found the permanence of the contradiction between entrance exam training and critical education, which allows the unveiling of the functioning of the administered society.
The main objective of this research is to analyze the formative processes reported by pedagogical coordinators, teachers and students of cursinhos populares in the Alto Tietê region, in a context of strong presence of the theory of human capital, a facet of pseudoformation that has been driving the youth formation into adapting them to the labor market. The cursinhos populares are initiatives whose objective is to provide access to quality public higher education for those traditionally excluded segments of Brazilian society. In this sense, in addition to teaching the necessary content to carry out selection processes for admission to Higher Education, this research seeks to analyze whether the preparatory courses also aim to strengthen citizenship and democracy through greater popular participation. The hypothesis that guides this study is that the cursinhos populares seeks to offer both a broad general education, focused on critical reflection on society, and teaching content oriented towards passing entrance exams, often contradictory purposes that find limits to the its realization. To verify the validity of the hypothesis, the research will initially present a bibliographic review on the subject to understand the performance of cursinhos populares courses in the current phase of capitalism, neoliberalism, since several reforms in the field of education have been implemented and affects these initiatives; after understanding this context, a mapping and characterization of popular courses in the Alto Tietê region, region near the capital of São Paulo, will be carried out. This mapping and characterization of the cursinhos populares will be based on two method procedures: 1) the collection of information about the popular courses in Alto Tietê in different media and 2) semi-structured interviews with coordinators, teachers and students of two coursinhos populares of the region - the cursinho popular A-Sol and the cursinho popular Maio 68, located in the most populous municipalities of Alto Tietê, Guarulhos and Mogi das Cruzes, respectively. As they have been in operation for some years, these cursinhos populares should raise questions related to the limits of an education aimed at both emancipation and preparation for the entrance exam. The analysis of the collected data was based on the Critical Theory of Society. In our results, we found the permanence of the contradiction between entrance exam training and critical education, which allows the unveiling of the functioning of the administered society.