Avanços e recuos da laicidade na educação (1889-1934): uma pesquisa bibliográfica
Data
2023-07-17
Autores
Ferrari, Letycia Tavares 
Orientadores
Gualtieri, Regina Cândida Ellero
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Com este trabalho procuramos entender, por meio do levantamento e do exame de produções acadêmicas, como o movimento da laicidade na educação brasileira, considerado “controverso” e de “recuo”, com o avançar da Primeira República, é analisado por essa literatura e que fatores são apontados que levaram a tal condição. Tencionamos também compreender, nesse momento, a relação entre o Estado e as religiões e como tal relação afetou a educação na Primeira República. Buscamos por trabalhos que abordassem o tema da laicização da educação no período entre 1889, início da Primeira República, e 1934, quando uma nova Constituição foi promulgada. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa bibliográfica e para elaborá-la, foram realizadas buscas, por meio de palavras-chave, em bibliotecas virtuais como SciELO, no banco de teses e dissertações da CAPES e no Google Acadêmico. Os termos empregados foram “laicidade na educação’’, “laicidade na Primeira República”, “ensino laico’’, “católicos e liberais’’ e ‘’educação nos anos 1930’’. A análise dos trabalhos selecionados revelou que, após a Proclamação da República, com a separação Estado-Igreja, a Igreja Católica - tanto seu episcopado, quanto seus intelectuais - mostrou resistência às novas medidas instauradas pelo novo regime republicano. O Estado, por sua vez, manteve boas relações com a instituição, visando uma transição harmônica. Isso possibilitou, de certa maneira, a conservação do vínculo Estado-Igreja, que se perpetuou ao longo do período analisado, o que foi essencial para o recuo futuro da laicização na educação.
This work sought to understand, through the survey and examination of academic productions on the subject, how the movement of secularism in Brazilian education, considered "controversial" and "retreat" with the advance of the First Republic, is analyzed by this literature and what factors are pointed out that led to such a condition. It also intended to understand the relationship between the State and religions at that time and how this relationship affected the education of the First Republic. Works were sought that addressed the theme within the period investigated, which ranges from the beginning of the First Republic, 1889, to 1934, when the Constitution is enacted. The methodology used was the qualitative bibliographic research and to elaborate it, searches were carried out using keywords in virtual libraries such as SciELO, in the theses and dissertations database of CAPES and in Google Scholar. The terms used were “secularity in education”, “secularity in the First Republic”, “secular teaching”, “catholics and liberals”, and “education in the 1930s”. The analysis of the selected works revealed that, after the Proclamation of the Republic, with the State-Church separation, the Catholic Church - both its episcopate and its intellectuals - showed resistance to the new measures introduced by the new republican regime. The State, in turn, maintained good relations with the institution, aiming at a harmonious transition. This made it possible, in a way, to preserve the State-Church bond, which was perpetuated throughout the analyzed period, which was essential for the future retreat of secularization in education.
This work sought to understand, through the survey and examination of academic productions on the subject, how the movement of secularism in Brazilian education, considered "controversial" and "retreat" with the advance of the First Republic, is analyzed by this literature and what factors are pointed out that led to such a condition. It also intended to understand the relationship between the State and religions at that time and how this relationship affected the education of the First Republic. Works were sought that addressed the theme within the period investigated, which ranges from the beginning of the First Republic, 1889, to 1934, when the Constitution is enacted. The methodology used was the qualitative bibliographic research and to elaborate it, searches were carried out using keywords in virtual libraries such as SciELO, in the theses and dissertations database of CAPES and in Google Scholar. The terms used were “secularity in education”, “secularity in the First Republic”, “secular teaching”, “catholics and liberals”, and “education in the 1930s”. The analysis of the selected works revealed that, after the Proclamation of the Republic, with the State-Church separation, the Catholic Church - both its episcopate and its intellectuals - showed resistance to the new measures introduced by the new republican regime. The State, in turn, maintained good relations with the institution, aiming at a harmonious transition. This made it possible, in a way, to preserve the State-Church bond, which was perpetuated throughout the analyzed period, which was essential for the future retreat of secularization in education.
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Citação
FERRARI, Letycia Tavares. Avanços e recuos da laicidade na educação (1889-1934): uma pesquisa bibliográfica. 2023.