Ocorrência de compostos orgânicos emergentes em ecossistemas costeiros brasileiros
Data
2023-07-06
Autores
Kother, Olga Karoline 
Orientadores
Cesar, Augusto
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A zona costeira brasileira abrange 395 municípios ao longo dos 17 estados litorâneos, incluindo diversos biomas, como recifes de corais, costões rochosos e manguezais. Esses ecossistemas desempenham papel importante na sociedade, fornecendo bens e serviços essenciais. Entre tantos motivos, a poluição marinha é alvo de preocupação, pois substâncias bioativas chamadas Compostos de Preocupação Emergente (CPE) - devido à sua persistência e toxicidade em organismos não alvos - têm sido detectados no ambiente aquático, e não são regulamentados pelas leis ambientais, tendo origens como: atividades domésticas, agropecuárias e industriais. A proteção dos ecossistemas costeiros é essencial para garantir a sustentabilidade e a preservação desses ambientes, bem como a segurança e saúde das populações que dependem deles. Dessa forma, é importante adotar medidas focadas em reduzir a ocorrência de fármacos em ecossistemas costeiros, como conscientização sobre descarte adequado de medicamentos, implementação de sistemas de tratamento de efluentes eficientes, regulamentação do uso de fármacos veterinários e investimento em pesquisas para entender melhor os efeitos dessas substâncias no meio ambiente. Assim, esse estudo tem como objetivo um levantamento sobre a ocorrência de compostos de preocupação emergente em ecossistemas costeiros e seus potenciais impactos. Nesse levantamento bibliográfico, verificou-se por meio da avaliação ecotoxicológica, danos ao DNA dos organismos-teste nas substâncias Fluoxetina e Metformina. Também houve inibição no desenvolvimento embriolarval tanto de ouriços quanto de mexilhões nas seguintes substâncias: Losartan, Cocaína-Crack, Ibuprofeno, Triclosan, Paracetamol, Etinilestradiol, ácido acetil salicílico, Isoniazida e Pirazinamida. Adicionalmente, foi observada diminuição na resposta enzimática na substância benzofenona-3. Apesar das substâncias Atazanavir (PI-ARV), Efavirenz (NNRTI-ARV), Nevirapina (NNRTI-ARV), Diclofenaco, Amoxicilina, Clavulanato de Potássio e Valsartana não terem apresentados nenhum efeito nocivo aos organismos-teste, os níveis de concentrações de acordo com a Agência Europeia de Medicamentos (EMEA) foram maiores que 0,01 μg.L -1, necessitando assim de mais estudos e monitoramento ambiental para possíveis efeitos a longo prazo.
The Brazilian coastal zone covers 395 municipalities along the 17 coastal states, including several biomes, such as coral reefs, rocky shores and mangroves. These ecosystems play an important role in society, providing essential goods and services. Among many reasons, marine pollution is a matter of concern, as bioactive substances called Compounds of Emerging Concern (CPE) - due to their persistence and toxicity in non-target organisms - have been detected in the aquatic environment, and are not regulated by environmental laws, having origins such as: domestic, agricultural and industrial activities. The protection of coastal ecosystems is essential to guarantee the sustainability and preservation of these environments, as well as the safety and health of the populations that depend on them. Thus, it is important to adopt measures focused on reducing the occurrence of drugs in coastal ecosystems, such as awareness of proper disposal of drugs, implementation of efficient effluent treatment systems, regulation of the use of veterinary drugs and investment in research to better understand the effects of these substances in the environment. Thus, this study aims to survey the occurrence of compounds of emerging concern in coastal ecosystems and their potential impacts. From this, it was verified through the ecotoxicological evaluation, damage to the DNA of the test organisms in the substances Fluoxetine and Metformin. There was also inhibition in the embriolarval development of both sea urchins and mussels in the following substances: Losartan, Crack-Cocaine, Ibuprofen, Triclosan, Paracetamol, Ethinyl estradiol, acetylsalicylic acid, Isoniazid and Pyrazinamide. Additionally, a decrease in the enzymatic response to the substance benzophenone-3 was observed. Although the substances Atazanavir (PI-ARV), Efavirenz (NNRTI-ARV), Nevirapine (NNRTI-ARV), Diclofenac, Amoxicillin, Potassium Clavulanate and Valsartan did not present any harmful effect on the test organisms, the concentration levels according with the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) were greater than 0.01 μg.L-1, thus requiring further studies and environmental monitoring for possible long-term effects.
The Brazilian coastal zone covers 395 municipalities along the 17 coastal states, including several biomes, such as coral reefs, rocky shores and mangroves. These ecosystems play an important role in society, providing essential goods and services. Among many reasons, marine pollution is a matter of concern, as bioactive substances called Compounds of Emerging Concern (CPE) - due to their persistence and toxicity in non-target organisms - have been detected in the aquatic environment, and are not regulated by environmental laws, having origins such as: domestic, agricultural and industrial activities. The protection of coastal ecosystems is essential to guarantee the sustainability and preservation of these environments, as well as the safety and health of the populations that depend on them. Thus, it is important to adopt measures focused on reducing the occurrence of drugs in coastal ecosystems, such as awareness of proper disposal of drugs, implementation of efficient effluent treatment systems, regulation of the use of veterinary drugs and investment in research to better understand the effects of these substances in the environment. Thus, this study aims to survey the occurrence of compounds of emerging concern in coastal ecosystems and their potential impacts. From this, it was verified through the ecotoxicological evaluation, damage to the DNA of the test organisms in the substances Fluoxetine and Metformin. There was also inhibition in the embriolarval development of both sea urchins and mussels in the following substances: Losartan, Crack-Cocaine, Ibuprofen, Triclosan, Paracetamol, Ethinyl estradiol, acetylsalicylic acid, Isoniazid and Pyrazinamide. Additionally, a decrease in the enzymatic response to the substance benzophenone-3 was observed. Although the substances Atazanavir (PI-ARV), Efavirenz (NNRTI-ARV), Nevirapine (NNRTI-ARV), Diclofenac, Amoxicillin, Potassium Clavulanate and Valsartan did not present any harmful effect on the test organisms, the concentration levels according with the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) were greater than 0.01 μg.L-1, thus requiring further studies and environmental monitoring for possible long-term effects.
Descrição
Citação
KOTHER, Olga Karoline. Ocorrência de compostos orgânicos emergentes em ecossistemas costeiros brasileiros. 2023. 29 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Bacharelado Interdisciplinar em Ciência e Tecnologia do Mar) - Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2023.