Pesca artesanal no contexto da Agenda 2030 para o desenvolvimento sustentável: o caso do Complexo Estuarino Lagunar Cananéia-Iguape (SP - Brasil)
Data
2023-05-22
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
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Resumo
Em algumas regiões, como no Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape (CELCI), litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo, a tradição da pesca artesanal ainda é mantida, sendo caracterizada como uma prática masculina, com o trabalho feminino sendo pouco reconhecido. Entender o contexto e como essas diferenças se realizam tem sido considerado importante, especialmente com a instituição da Década Oceânica pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), no período de 2021 a 2030, em consonância com a Agenda 2030, buscando o desenvolvimento de ações voltadas para a conservação e o uso sustentável dos oceanos. Entre essas ações, podem ser incluídos o fortalecimento das práticas de manejo da pesca artesanal e a busca pela igualdade de gênero. Neste cenário, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o desenvolvimento da pesca artesanal no CELCI, considerando os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) 5 (Equidade de Gênero) e ODS 14 (Vida na Água), da Agenda 2030. Para este fim, foram coletados dados secundários para a caracterização abiótica e ictiofaunística do meio aquático local, e dados primários de percepção de pescadores/as artesanais de Cananéia e Iguape. Ao todo foram entrevistados 95 pescadores/as artesanais. Nota-se predomínio de pescadores em relação ao número de pescadoras, com idade média em torno 45 anos e 30 anos de atividade pesqueira. A pesca representa tanto uma geração de renda como uma atividade familiar. A continuidade dessa atividade nas gerações mais novas pode estar ameaçada, devido ao desincentivo dos próprios pais, por conta das dificuldades enfrentadas, tais como instabilidade financeira e competição por recurso. No CELCI, as espécies mais visadas foram tainha, bagre, robalo, manjuba-de-Iguape e o camarão-sete-barbas, destacando a manjuba mais visada em Iguape enquanto o camarão, em Cananéia. Os petrechos mais utilizados são as redes de emalhe, corrico, gerival e cerco-fixo. Há relato da diminuição dos estoques pesqueiros, associada ao aumento do número de pescadores/as artesanais e industriais (para Cananéia). A pesca no CELCI não indica avanços com o compromisso da Agenda 2030, especialmente voltado ao espaço ocupado pelas mulheres na pesca (ODS 5), como também há uma fragilidade de mercado aos pescados providos da pesca artesanal (ODS 14).
In some regions, such as the Cananeia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex (CIELC) on the south coast of São Paulo, the tradition of Artisanal Fishing (AF) still exists. AF is characterized as a male practice and women’s work can be invisible. Understanding the context and how these differences are realized has been considered important, especially in the context of the United Nations (UN) Ocean Decade, from 2021 to 2030, together with the 2030 Agenda, which aims to develop actions for the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans. Among these actions, the strengthening of artisanal fisheries management practices and the pursuit of gender equality can be included. In this scenario, this work aimed to analyze the evolution of artisanal fisheries in CIELC, considering Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 (gender equality) and SDG 14 (life under water) of the 2030 Agenda. For this purpose, secondary data were collected to characterize the abiotic and ichthyofaunal local aquatic environment, and primary data were collected on the perceptions of artisanal fishermen from Cananeia and Iguape. Ninety-five artisanal fishermen were interviewed. In CIELC, there is a predominance of men over women, with an average age of around 45 years and 30 years of professional experience. Fishing is a livelihood and family activity for these fishermen. However, there is no more continuity of this activity in the younger generations, which that may be threatened, due to the disincentive of parents combined with several difficulties faced such as financial instability and competition for resources. At CIELC, the species targeted were mullet, catfish, sea bass, Manjuba-de-Iguape, and seabob shrimp. Manjuba-de-Iguape is more importance for Iguape, while the opposite is true for shrimp. The most used fishing gears are gill nets, corrico, gerival, and cerco-fixo. There are reports of a decline in fish stocks, combined with an increase in the number of artisanal and industrial fishermen (for Cananeia). Fishing in CIELC does not show progress towards the commitment of the 2030 Agenda, particularly regarding the space occupied by women in fishing (SDG 5), but there is also a weak market for fish supplied by artisanal fishing (SDG 14).
In some regions, such as the Cananeia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex (CIELC) on the south coast of São Paulo, the tradition of Artisanal Fishing (AF) still exists. AF is characterized as a male practice and women’s work can be invisible. Understanding the context and how these differences are realized has been considered important, especially in the context of the United Nations (UN) Ocean Decade, from 2021 to 2030, together with the 2030 Agenda, which aims to develop actions for the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans. Among these actions, the strengthening of artisanal fisheries management practices and the pursuit of gender equality can be included. In this scenario, this work aimed to analyze the evolution of artisanal fisheries in CIELC, considering Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 (gender equality) and SDG 14 (life under water) of the 2030 Agenda. For this purpose, secondary data were collected to characterize the abiotic and ichthyofaunal local aquatic environment, and primary data were collected on the perceptions of artisanal fishermen from Cananeia and Iguape. Ninety-five artisanal fishermen were interviewed. In CIELC, there is a predominance of men over women, with an average age of around 45 years and 30 years of professional experience. Fishing is a livelihood and family activity for these fishermen. However, there is no more continuity of this activity in the younger generations, which that may be threatened, due to the disincentive of parents combined with several difficulties faced such as financial instability and competition for resources. At CIELC, the species targeted were mullet, catfish, sea bass, Manjuba-de-Iguape, and seabob shrimp. Manjuba-de-Iguape is more importance for Iguape, while the opposite is true for shrimp. The most used fishing gears are gill nets, corrico, gerival, and cerco-fixo. There are reports of a decline in fish stocks, combined with an increase in the number of artisanal and industrial fishermen (for Cananeia). Fishing in CIELC does not show progress towards the commitment of the 2030 Agenda, particularly regarding the space occupied by women in fishing (SDG 5), but there is also a weak market for fish supplied by artisanal fishing (SDG 14).
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Citação
CAMARGOS, A .C. P. Pesca artesanal no contexto da Agenda 2030 para o desenvolvimento sustentável: o caso do Complexo Estuarino Lagunar Cananéia-Iguape (SP - Brasil). 2023. 157 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Análise Ambiental Integrada) - Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, 2023.