Economia compartilhada e as novas relações de trabalho: um estudo sobre a motivação de motoristas autônomos por aplicativo
Data
2019-06-26
Autores
Silva, Camila Oliveira da 
Orientadores
Leite, Nildes Raimunda Pitombo
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a motivação de motoristas autônomos por
aplicativos na região metropolitana de São Paulo, sob a ótica da economia compartilhada, por
meio da identificação dos fatores higiênicos e motivacionais desses motoristas. Caracteriza-se
como qualitativa, com método fenomenológico e a survey de experiência como estratégia de
pesquisa. O nível de análise proposto é individual, com levantamento de dados por meio de
entrevistas semiestruturadas e em profundidade. Na análise de dados foi utilizada a técnica de
análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram que existem convergências e divergências entre a
prática e a teoria da economia compartilhada propostos a partir de Botsman e Rogers (2011),
Gansky (2011) e Chase (2015): a capacidade ociosa; as tecnologias da informação e comunicação;
o interesse comum; o relacionamento de confiança entre as partes e a sustentabilidade, uma vez que
o modelo se apresenta como uma alternativa às crises econômico-financeiras e ambientais, por meio
do reaproveitamento de capacidades ociosas, porém vem sendo absorvido pelo capitalismo
tradicional, sendo uma forma de exploração da mão de obra. As características do modelo de
economia compartilhada, nesta pesquisa, transitam entre os fatores motivacionais e higiênicos
promovendo, aos motoristas entrevistados, flexibilidade, autonomia e desenvolvimento de soft
skills, contudo em jornadas de trabalho mais intensas do que no mercado tradicional e ausência de
garantias trabalhistas. Esta pesquisa deixa como possibilidade de contribuição uma proposta de
conceituação acadêmica da expressão economia compartilhada e seus princípios, bem como
aplicação de teorias clássicas da motivação de Maslow (1954), Herzberg (1959) e McGregor (1960)
em nível individual. Entretanto, instiga um aprofundamento por meio de: análises que relacionem
os movimentos no mercado de trabalho formal com a penetração de aplicativos de transporte no
mercado brasileiro; análise dos impactos dos aplicativos de mobilidade urbana na redução de
poluentes no Brasil; estudo acerca da precarização do trabalho ocasionada pelo controle, por meio
de ferramentas tecnológicas e um levantamento da evolução dos modelos de gestão desde a
administração científica até a Uberização.
This study aimed to analyze the motivation of autonomous app drivers in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, from the point of view of the sharing economy, by means of the identification of hygienic and motivational factors of these drivers. It is characterized as qualitative, with a phenomenological method and the experience survey as a research strategy. The level of analysis proposed is individual, with data collected by semi-structured and in-depth interviews. For the data analysis, the content analysis technique was used. Results show the existence of convergences and divergences between the practice and the theory of sharing economy proposed from Botsman and Rogers (2011), Gansky (2011) and Chase (2015): idle capacity; information and communication technologies; common interest; a relationship of trust between the parties and sustainability, since that the model presents itself as an alternative to economic-financial and environmental crises, through the reuse of idle capacities, but has been absorbed by traditional capitalism, becoming a form of exploitation of the workforce. The characteristics of the sharing economy model, in this research, go through the motivational and hygienic factors, promoting flexibility, autonomy and development of soft skills to the interviewed drivers, however in work hours more intense than in the traditional market and absence of labor guarantees. This research leaves as a possibility of contribution a proposal of academic conception of the expression sharing economy and its principles, as well as the application of classic theories of the motivation of Maslow (1954), Herzberg (1959) and McGregor (1960) at the individual level. However, it instigates a deepening by a analysis that relates the movements in the formal labor market with the penetration of transport applications in the Brazilian market; analysis of the impacts of urban mobility applications on the reduction of pollutants in Brazil; a study on the precariousness of labor caused by control, through technological tools and a survey of the evolution of management models from scientific administration to Uberization.
This study aimed to analyze the motivation of autonomous app drivers in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, from the point of view of the sharing economy, by means of the identification of hygienic and motivational factors of these drivers. It is characterized as qualitative, with a phenomenological method and the experience survey as a research strategy. The level of analysis proposed is individual, with data collected by semi-structured and in-depth interviews. For the data analysis, the content analysis technique was used. Results show the existence of convergences and divergences between the practice and the theory of sharing economy proposed from Botsman and Rogers (2011), Gansky (2011) and Chase (2015): idle capacity; information and communication technologies; common interest; a relationship of trust between the parties and sustainability, since that the model presents itself as an alternative to economic-financial and environmental crises, through the reuse of idle capacities, but has been absorbed by traditional capitalism, becoming a form of exploitation of the workforce. The characteristics of the sharing economy model, in this research, go through the motivational and hygienic factors, promoting flexibility, autonomy and development of soft skills to the interviewed drivers, however in work hours more intense than in the traditional market and absence of labor guarantees. This research leaves as a possibility of contribution a proposal of academic conception of the expression sharing economy and its principles, as well as the application of classic theories of the motivation of Maslow (1954), Herzberg (1959) and McGregor (1960) at the individual level. However, it instigates a deepening by a analysis that relates the movements in the formal labor market with the penetration of transport applications in the Brazilian market; analysis of the impacts of urban mobility applications on the reduction of pollutants in Brazil; a study on the precariousness of labor caused by control, through technological tools and a survey of the evolution of management models from scientific administration to Uberization.
Descrição
Citação
SILVA, Camila Oliveira da. Economia compartilhada e as novas relações de trabalho: um estudo da motivação de motoristas autônomos por aplicativo. 2019. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Administração) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Política, Economia e Negócios, Osasco, 2019.