Consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados por crianças e adolescentes com alergia alimentar
Data
2023-02-16
Autores
Kotchetkoff, Elaine Cristina de Almeida 
Orientadores
Sarni, Roseli Oselka Saccardo
Tipo
Tese de doutorado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: A alergia alimentar (AA) apresenta prevalência crescente na faixa etária pediátrica. A terapia nutricional envolvendo a restrição dos alimentos envolvidos na AA pode ocasionar riscos à saúde em curto e longo prazo. O alto consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP) nessa população pode implicar no risco de persistência da AA e de desenvolvimento de outras doenças crônicas associadas. Objetivo: Descrever o consumo de AUP por crianças e adolescentes com AA e verificar associação com o número de alimentos envolvidos, doenças alérgicas associadas, escore Z do índice de massa corporal (ZIMC) e com o aleitamento materno (AM) no momento da coleta. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 110 crianças e adolescentes com AA únicas ou múltiplas e com diferentes mecanismos. Avaliou-se consumo alimentar pela classificação NOVA por meio de 3 recordatórios de 24h. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 64,2±40,9 meses com predomínio do sexo masculino (60,9%). Quanto à AA: 49% alimento único envolvido, 61,8% IgE mediadas e alimentos mais envolvidos foram leite de vaca e ovo. Excesso de peso, baixa estatura e AM no momento da coleta foram observados em 14,5%, 10,9% e 9,1% dos indivíduos, respectivamente. O percentual médio de ingestão de AUP em relação ao consumo energético total (kcal) foi de 33,1±15,7%. Por meio da análise multivariada, observou-se que a ingestão de AUP associou-se de forma inversa e independente com a presença de dermatite atópica (β= -7,55; IC 95% - 14,98 a -0,11; p=0,047) e AM no momento da coleta (β= -15,99; IC 95% -26,82 a -5,15; p=0,004), fato não observado para o ZIMC e número de alimentos envolvidos. Conclusão: O presente estudo mostrou que os AUP respondem por cerca de um terço da energia total consumida por crianças e adolescentes com AA. A presença de dermatite atópica e do AM foram associados ao menor consumo de AUP. O número de alimentos envolvidos na AA e o ZIMC não se associaram com o consumo de AUP.
Background: Food allergy (FA) is growing in the pediatric age group. Nutritional therapy involving food restriction in FA may pose short- and long-term health risks. The high consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in this population may imply a risk of the persistence of FA and the development of other associated chronic diseases. Objective: To describe the consumption of UPF by children and adolescents with FA and to verify the association with the number of foods involved, associated allergic diseases, Z-score of the body mass index (ZBMI), and breastfeeding (BF) at the time of collection. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 110 children and adolescents with single or multiple FA and different mechanisms. We evaluated food consumption using the NOVA classification using three 24-hour recalls. Results: The mean age was 64.2±40.9 months, with a predominance of males (60.9%). As for the FA: 49% single food involved, 61.8% IgE-mediated, and the foods most involved were cow’s milk and egg. We observed excess weight, short stature, and BF at the time of collection in 14.5%, 10.9%, and 9.1% of individuals, respectively. The average percentage of UPF intake concerning total energy intake (calories) was 33.1±15.7%. We observed through multivariate analysis that UPF intake was inversely and independently associated with the presence of atopic dermatitis (β= -7.55; 95% CI - 14.98 to -0.11; p =0.047) and breastfeeding at the time of collection (β= -15.99; 95% CI -26.82 to -5.15; p=0.004) fact not observed for ZBMI and the number of foods involved. Conclusion: The present study showed that UPF accounts for about one-third of the total energy consumed by children and adolescents with FA. The presence of atopic dermatitis and BF were associated with lower UPF consumption. The number of foods involved in FA and the ZBMI was not associated with UPF consumption.
Background: Food allergy (FA) is growing in the pediatric age group. Nutritional therapy involving food restriction in FA may pose short- and long-term health risks. The high consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in this population may imply a risk of the persistence of FA and the development of other associated chronic diseases. Objective: To describe the consumption of UPF by children and adolescents with FA and to verify the association with the number of foods involved, associated allergic diseases, Z-score of the body mass index (ZBMI), and breastfeeding (BF) at the time of collection. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 110 children and adolescents with single or multiple FA and different mechanisms. We evaluated food consumption using the NOVA classification using three 24-hour recalls. Results: The mean age was 64.2±40.9 months, with a predominance of males (60.9%). As for the FA: 49% single food involved, 61.8% IgE-mediated, and the foods most involved were cow’s milk and egg. We observed excess weight, short stature, and BF at the time of collection in 14.5%, 10.9%, and 9.1% of individuals, respectively. The average percentage of UPF intake concerning total energy intake (calories) was 33.1±15.7%. We observed through multivariate analysis that UPF intake was inversely and independently associated with the presence of atopic dermatitis (β= -7.55; 95% CI - 14.98 to -0.11; p =0.047) and breastfeeding at the time of collection (β= -15.99; 95% CI -26.82 to -5.15; p=0.004) fact not observed for ZBMI and the number of foods involved. Conclusion: The present study showed that UPF accounts for about one-third of the total energy consumed by children and adolescents with FA. The presence of atopic dermatitis and BF were associated with lower UPF consumption. The number of foods involved in FA and the ZBMI was not associated with UPF consumption.