Políticas e práticas de gestão da qualidade do ar na esfera municipal: A análise do caso do município de santos
Data
2022-12-20
Autores
Soares, Izabela Iacillo [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Rosário, Nilton Évora do [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A poluição do ar causa mais vítimas do que o sedentarismo, o uso do álcool e a desnutrição. As áreas urbanas são especialmente atingidas. Sem um planejamento adequado de mobilidade, prevalecendo o transporte individual, o principal emissor de poluentes em áreas urbanas, as cidades sofrem rotineiramente com o problema da poluição do ar. Experiências internacionais têm mostrado que a gestão local da qualidade do ar é fundamental para a mitigação da poluição do ar e dos seus efeitos. Nesse contexto, olhando para uma experiência no Brasil, o estudo teve por objetivo realizar um diagnóstico da evolução da qualidade do ar e trazer a discussão de como os municípios estão atuando para mitigar a poluição do ar e seus impactos na saúde da população local. Para isso, selecionou-se Santos, uma cidade do estado de São Paulo, que abriga o maior porto da América Latina. Visando a caracterização dos cenários atuais de qualidade do ar e das fontes emissoras, foram analisadas as concentrações dos poluentes legislados e monitorados, na última década, além da identificação das principais fontes emissoras. Identificou-se que nos últimos anos houve melhoria da qualidade do ar em Santos, especialmente em relação ao MP10 e MP 2,5, que sofreu redução importante na sua concentração. Entretanto, a cobertura espacial do monitoramento é limitada e o número de parâmetros monitorados tem diminuído. As análises apontam políticas públicas e gestão ambiental portuária como o motor das melhorias na qualidade do ar, especialmente no caso do MP10. O município não possui na sua estrutura de gestão, órgão que tem, entre as suas competências, a responsabilidade de gerir a qualidade do ar, tão pouco encontrou arcabouço legal municipal com foco na questão. Esta é uma deficiência que permeia a maioria dos municípios brasileiros.
Air pollution causes more damage to public health than physical inactivity, alcohol use and malnutrition. Urban areas are specially affected, due to disordered occupation and growth, without adequate mobility planning, prevailing individual transport, the main emitter of pollutants in urban areas, which added to other sources, industry, for example, contributes to increased air pollution. Successful international experiences have shown that local air quality management is essential to mitigate air pollution and its effects. In this context, looking at an experience in Brazil, the project aims to make a diagnosis and contribute to the discussion of how municipal authorities are acting to combat and mitigate air pollution and its impacts on local public health. For this, Santos, a city in the state of São Paulo, was chosen. With a view to surveying the current air quality and emission sources scenarios, initially, the concentrations of pollutants legislated and monitored and a review of the inventories of emission sources will be performed. It was identified that in recent years there has been an improvement in air quality in Santos, especially in relation to PM, which has suffered a significant reduction in its concentration. However, the spatial coverage of monitoring is limited and the number of monitored parameters has decreased. The analyzes point to public policies and port environmental management as the engine of improvements in air quality, especially in the case of PM10. The municipality does not have in its management structure a body that has, among its competences, the responsibility of managing air quality, nor did it find a municipal legal framework focusing on the issue. This is a deficiency that permeates most Brazilian municipalities.
Air pollution causes more damage to public health than physical inactivity, alcohol use and malnutrition. Urban areas are specially affected, due to disordered occupation and growth, without adequate mobility planning, prevailing individual transport, the main emitter of pollutants in urban areas, which added to other sources, industry, for example, contributes to increased air pollution. Successful international experiences have shown that local air quality management is essential to mitigate air pollution and its effects. In this context, looking at an experience in Brazil, the project aims to make a diagnosis and contribute to the discussion of how municipal authorities are acting to combat and mitigate air pollution and its impacts on local public health. For this, Santos, a city in the state of São Paulo, was chosen. With a view to surveying the current air quality and emission sources scenarios, initially, the concentrations of pollutants legislated and monitored and a review of the inventories of emission sources will be performed. It was identified that in recent years there has been an improvement in air quality in Santos, especially in relation to PM, which has suffered a significant reduction in its concentration. However, the spatial coverage of monitoring is limited and the number of monitored parameters has decreased. The analyzes point to public policies and port environmental management as the engine of improvements in air quality, especially in the case of PM10. The municipality does not have in its management structure a body that has, among its competences, the responsibility of managing air quality, nor did it find a municipal legal framework focusing on the issue. This is a deficiency that permeates most Brazilian municipalities.