Efeito de dois anos da pandemia de COVID-19 no nível de condicionamento físico de indivíduos saudáveis
Data
2023
Autores
Martins, Lavínia Vivan Ferreira 
Orientadores
Andrade, Marília dos Santos
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A pandemia de COVID-19 gerou, para além dos efeitos na saúde dos indivíduos infectados, uma série de outros efeitos negativos, inclusive na população não infectada. Aumento dos níveis de estresse, ansiedade, depressão e redução dos níveis de atividade física estão entre esses efeitos. Os efeitos negativos da redução do nível de atividade física são extremamente preocupantes, uma vez que indivíduos pouco ativos apresentam baixo nível de condicionamento cardiorrespiratório, que, por sua vez, está relacionado com maior risco de morbidade e mortalidade por doenças crônico degenerativas, tais como: diabetes, obesidade e doenças cardiovasculares. Apesar de sabido que o nível de atividade física diminuiu durante a pandemia, não sabemos a magnitude desse impacto no nível de condicionamento cardiorrespiratório. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o nível de condicionamento cardiorrespiratório, a partir do consumo máximo de oxigênio ( VO2máx) em corredores de rua entre janeiro de 2020 e janeiro 2022. Participaram do estudo 34 homens (46,8 ± 44,7 anos) classificados como muito ativos antes da pandemia. Os indivíduos responderam a um questionário sobre o nível de atividade física, e foram submetidos a um teste de esforço incremental máximo para mensuração do VO2máx nos dois períodos de avaliação. Apesar de não ter havido alteração nos níveis de atividade física geral entre as duas avaliações (p=0,07; d=0,325), os resultados evidenciaram uma significativa redução do tempo dedicado à realização de atividades de intensidade vigorosa (p=0,03; d=0,035), aumento significativo do tempo de caminhada (p=0,04; d=-0,42) e aumento significativo no tempo sentado semanal (p<0,001; d=0,77). Concomitantemente, houve queda significativa (16,7± 7,3%) do VO2máx entre em janeiro de 2020 e janeiro de 2022 (p<0,001; d=2.152). A alteração observada no padrão de atividade física durante a pandemia COVID-19 (diminuição das atividade vigorosas e aumento da caminhada e do tempo sentado) impactou negativamente a capacidade funcional dos indivíduos, o que provoca aumento do risco de doenças crônico degenerativas, de dependência física e de mortalidade. Desta forma, torna-se muito importante que programas de atividade física sejam incentivados para a população a fim de minimizar os efeitos negativos secundários da pandemia de COVID-19.
The COVID-19 pandemic generated, in addition to the effects on the health of infected individuals, a series of other negative effects, including on the uninfected population. Increased levels of stress, anxiety, depression and reduced levels of physical activity are among these effects. The negative effects of reducing the level of physical activity are extremely worrying, since less active individuals have a low level of cardiorespiratory accommodation, which, in turn, is related to a higher risk of morbidity and mortality due to degenerative infectious diseases, such as: diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Despite knowing that the level of physical activity suffered during the pandemic, we do not know the magnitude of this impact on the level of cardiorespiratory accommodation. The aim of the present study was to compare the level of cardiorespiratory fitness ( V . O2máx) in street runners between January 2020 and January 2022. The study included 34 men (46.8 ± 44.7 years) classified as very active before the pandemic. The individuals answered a questionnaire about their level of physical activity, and underwent a maximal incremental effort test to measure the V . O2max in the two assessment periods. Although there was no change in the levels of general physical activity between the two assessments (p=0.07, d=0.325), the results showed a significant reduction in the time dedicated to performing vigorous-intensity activities (p=0.03, d=0.035), significant increase in walking time (p=0.04, d= -0.42) and significant increase in weekly sitting time (p<0.001, d=0.77). At the same time, there was a significant decrease (16.7±7.3%) in V . O2max between January 2020 and January 2022 (p<0.001, d=2,152). The change observed in the physical activity pattern during the COVID-19 pandemic (decrease in vigorous activities and increased walking and sitting time) negatively impacted the functional capacity of individuals, which causes an increased risk of chronic degenerative diseases, physical dependence and mortality. In this way, it becomes very important that physical activity programs be encouraged for the population in order to minimize the negative secondary effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic generated, in addition to the effects on the health of infected individuals, a series of other negative effects, including on the uninfected population. Increased levels of stress, anxiety, depression and reduced levels of physical activity are among these effects. The negative effects of reducing the level of physical activity are extremely worrying, since less active individuals have a low level of cardiorespiratory accommodation, which, in turn, is related to a higher risk of morbidity and mortality due to degenerative infectious diseases, such as: diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Despite knowing that the level of physical activity suffered during the pandemic, we do not know the magnitude of this impact on the level of cardiorespiratory accommodation. The aim of the present study was to compare the level of cardiorespiratory fitness ( V . O2máx) in street runners between January 2020 and January 2022. The study included 34 men (46.8 ± 44.7 years) classified as very active before the pandemic. The individuals answered a questionnaire about their level of physical activity, and underwent a maximal incremental effort test to measure the V . O2max in the two assessment periods. Although there was no change in the levels of general physical activity between the two assessments (p=0.07, d=0.325), the results showed a significant reduction in the time dedicated to performing vigorous-intensity activities (p=0.03, d=0.035), significant increase in walking time (p=0.04, d= -0.42) and significant increase in weekly sitting time (p<0.001, d=0.77). At the same time, there was a significant decrease (16.7±7.3%) in V . O2max between January 2020 and January 2022 (p<0.001, d=2,152). The change observed in the physical activity pattern during the COVID-19 pandemic (decrease in vigorous activities and increased walking and sitting time) negatively impacted the functional capacity of individuals, which causes an increased risk of chronic degenerative diseases, physical dependence and mortality. In this way, it becomes very important that physical activity programs be encouraged for the population in order to minimize the negative secondary effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.