Auto seleção de exercícios físicos para a elaboração de um programa de treinamento físico para adultos por meio de aplicativo para smartphone: estudo qualitativo
Data
2022-11-18
Autores
Guedes, Krom Marsili 
Orientadores
Dourado, Victor Zuniga
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Nos últimos anos ocorreu aumento significativo dos aplicativos de smartphone que monitoram a atividade física. Além de não oferecerem programas alinhados às recomendações internacionais, frequentemente os exercícios propostos têm alto grau de complexidade para iniciantes e pessoas com maior risco cardiovascular, aumentando o risco de lesões. Portanto, desenvolvimento de novos aplicativos deveria considerar progressão pedagógica dos exercícios de acordo com a aptidão física do usuário, garantindo confiança para realizar a tarefa proposta. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os exercícios físicos preferidos por adultos potenciais usuários de um aplicativo de smartphone para atividade física. O objetivo secundário foi investigar a associação entre fatores de risco cardiovascular e a preferência pelos exercícios de força muscular. Métodos: Este é um estudo observacional transversal, para o qual a coleta de dados se deu por meio de questionário online. A amostra foi composta por 262 indivíduos de ambos os sexos com idade a partir de 20 anos, que utilizam smartphones e não apresentam contraindicações para a prática de atividade física sem supervisão. Dados demográficos e clínicos, nível de atividade física pelo Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) e estágio de mudança de comportamento para a atividade física foram coletados inicialmente. Após o preenchimento dos questionários, foram apresentados vídeos de exercícios físicos executados ao ar livre, gravados em espaços públicos. Os exercícios foram divididos em 3 categorias: (1) membros inferiores, (2) membros superiores e tronco, e (3) tronco (core). Ao final de cada sequência, os participantes deveriam relatar suas preferências de acordo com o grau de dificuldade percebida e a vontade em executá-los, além de poderem justificar suas escolhas em campos de perguntas abertas. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente, por análise temática e núvem de palavras, e quantitativamente por meio de regressão logística multivariada. Resultados: De maneira geral os participantes apontaram como preferidos os exercícios de menor dificuldade. Similarmente, as palavras utilizadas com maior frequência nas perguntas abertas foram “fácil” e “facilidade”. Ao contrário do que esperávamos, o número de fatores de risco cardiovascular teve uma associação positiva com a preferência por exercícios considerados intermediários e difíceis (Odds Ratio, 1,82: Intervalo de Confiança de 95%, 1,22 – 2,72). A inatividade física também apresentou associação positiva (3,72: 1,34 – 9,78) para a escolha desse grupo de exercícios. Conclusões: A proporção de escolha por preferência pelos exercícios de mais fácil execução foi maior em todas as diferentes categorias de exercícios. Quando a escolha foi ajustada pelos fatores de risco cardiovascular, os exercícios de maior dificuldade foram os preferidos. Nossos resultados sugerem a participação imprescindível de especialistas em atividade e exercício físicos no desenvolvimento de aplicativos de smartphone nessa área, sobretudo os profissionais de educação física.
Introduction: Recently, there has been a significant increase in smartphone applications that monitor physical activity. In addition to not offering programs in line with international recommendations, the proposed exercises are often highly complex for beginners and people with higher cardiovascular risk, increasing the risk of injury. Therefore, the development of new applications should consider the pedagogical progression of exercises according to the user's physical fitness, ensuring confidence to perform the proposed task. Objective: The objective of the present study was to identify the physical exercises preferred by potential adult users of a smartphone application for physical activity. The secondary objective was to investigate the association between cardiovascular risk factors and the preference for muscular strength exercises. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study, for which data collection was carried out through an online questionnaire. The sample consisted of 262 individuals of both sexes aged 20 years and over, who use smartphones and do not have contraindications for unsupervised physical activity. Demographic and clinical data, physical activity level by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and stage of behavior change for physical activity were initially collected. After completing the questionnaires, videos of physical exercises performed outdoors, recorded in public spaces, were shown. The exercises were divided into three categories: (1) lower limbs, (2) upper limbs and trunk, and (3) trunk (core). Then, participants should report their preferences according to the degree of perceived difficulty and willingness to perform them, in addition to being able to justify their choices in open-ended question fields. Data were analyzed qualitatively, using thematic analysis and word cloud, and quantitatively, using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Overall, participants indicated that the exercises with less difficulty were preferred. Similarly, the most frequently used words in open-ended questions were “easy” and “ease”. Contrary to what we expected, the number of cardiovascular risk factors had a positive association with the preference for exercises considered intermediate and difficult (Odds Ratio, 1.82: 95% Confidence Interval, 1.22 – 2.72). Physical inactivity also showed a positive association (3.72: 1.34 – 9.78) for the choice of this exercise group. Conclusions: The proportion of preference for the exercises that are easier to perform was higher in all the different categories of exercises. When the choice was adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors, the most difficult exercises were preferred. Our results suggest the essential participation of specialists in physical activity and exercise in the development of smartphone applications in this area, especially physical education professionals.
Introduction: Recently, there has been a significant increase in smartphone applications that monitor physical activity. In addition to not offering programs in line with international recommendations, the proposed exercises are often highly complex for beginners and people with higher cardiovascular risk, increasing the risk of injury. Therefore, the development of new applications should consider the pedagogical progression of exercises according to the user's physical fitness, ensuring confidence to perform the proposed task. Objective: The objective of the present study was to identify the physical exercises preferred by potential adult users of a smartphone application for physical activity. The secondary objective was to investigate the association between cardiovascular risk factors and the preference for muscular strength exercises. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study, for which data collection was carried out through an online questionnaire. The sample consisted of 262 individuals of both sexes aged 20 years and over, who use smartphones and do not have contraindications for unsupervised physical activity. Demographic and clinical data, physical activity level by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and stage of behavior change for physical activity were initially collected. After completing the questionnaires, videos of physical exercises performed outdoors, recorded in public spaces, were shown. The exercises were divided into three categories: (1) lower limbs, (2) upper limbs and trunk, and (3) trunk (core). Then, participants should report their preferences according to the degree of perceived difficulty and willingness to perform them, in addition to being able to justify their choices in open-ended question fields. Data were analyzed qualitatively, using thematic analysis and word cloud, and quantitatively, using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Overall, participants indicated that the exercises with less difficulty were preferred. Similarly, the most frequently used words in open-ended questions were “easy” and “ease”. Contrary to what we expected, the number of cardiovascular risk factors had a positive association with the preference for exercises considered intermediate and difficult (Odds Ratio, 1.82: 95% Confidence Interval, 1.22 – 2.72). Physical inactivity also showed a positive association (3.72: 1.34 – 9.78) for the choice of this exercise group. Conclusions: The proportion of preference for the exercises that are easier to perform was higher in all the different categories of exercises. When the choice was adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors, the most difficult exercises were preferred. Our results suggest the essential participation of specialists in physical activity and exercise in the development of smartphone applications in this area, especially physical education professionals.
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Citação
GUEDES, Krom Marsili. Auto seleção de exercícios físicos para a elaboração de um programa de treinamento físico para adultos por meio de aplicativo para smartphone: estudo qualitativo
Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências do Movimento Humano e Reabilitação) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2022.