Tráfico de pessoas e trabalho doméstico: cotidiano vivências e saúde mental de mulheres filipinas em São Paulo
Data
2022-11-28
Autores
Ferreira, Lívia dos Santos [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Coviello, Denise Martin [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O Brasil entrou, recentemente, no contexto dos “novos laços globais” da migração no
que se refere à chegada de mulheres do sudeste asiático, proveniente das Filipinas,
para o trabalho doméstico no país, notadamente na cidade de São Paulo. Em
decorrência da forma como vêm sendo arregimentadas e inseridas no contexto
laboral, suas condições de trabalho e de vida têm sido agravadas pelas violações
concernentes ao tráfico de pessoas, o que têm trazido consequências para sua saúde
mental. Compreender essas consequências, portanto, é o objetivo deste estudo.
Utilizando metodologia qualitativa, oito mulheres filipinas que trabalham como
domésticas foram entrevistadas em profundidade a partir de roteiro
semiestruturado. As oito interlocutoras entrevistadas, que chegaram a São Paulo com
vaga de trabalho certa, foram arregimentadas por agência e/ou pelo próprio
empregador. O material obtido foi analisado a partir de referencial teórico
interdisciplinar, próprio do campo da Saúde Coletiva. Os relatos revelaram que o
cotidiano laboral e de vida dessas mulheres são atravessados por violências que
ocasionam sofrimento e, por conseguinte, têm provocado efeitos em sua saúde
mental. As trabalhadoras domésticas filipinas residentes em São Paulo têm lidado
com: o afastamento geográfico radical da família e a maternidade transnacional; a
impossibilidade de retornarem ao país de origem; o engano e o abuso refletido na
jornada exaustiva; submissão, ameaças e a restrição de liberdade; a impossibilidade
de serem “elas mesmas”; e a inclusão e exclusão decorrentes do fato de serem
falantes de língua inglesa. Por outro lado, os relatos também revelam sobre recursos,
individuais e coletivos, e sobre redes de proteção e de suporte criados para o
enfrentamento das dificuldades aqui vivenciadas. Este estudo também apresenta uma
crítica à forma simplista e restrita de entendimento do fenômeno presente nas políticas
antitráfico e em muitas pesquisas existentes no campo do tráfico de pessoas.
Relacionando-o com questões sociais, econômicas, políticas e culturais, faz-se
possível compreender algumas das condições estruturais que possibilitam as
circunstâncias vivenciadas pelas mulheres filipinas em São Paulo. Tudo isso revela o
quão complexo, multideterminado e multifacetado é o tema.
Brazil has recently entered the context of “new global ties” of migration with the arrival of Southeast Asian Filipino women for domestic work, notably in the city of São Paulo. Working and living conditions are aggravated with violations regarding human trafficking, which has had consequences for their mental health. The objective of this study is to understand those consequences. Based on a qualitative approach research methodology, in depth interviews based on a semistructured script were carried on with eight domestic worker Filipino women. The eight interlocutors, who arrived in São Paulo with previously agreed job vacancy, were recruited by an agency and/or by the employer. The present study is based on an interdisciplinary theoretical approach proper to the Collective Health field studies. The reports revealed that daily work and life of these women are crossed by violence that causes suffering and, therefore, affects their mental health. Filipino domestic workers residing in São Paulo have dealt with radical geographic family separation and transnational motherhood; the impossibility of return to their country of origin; deceit and abuses reflected in excessive working hours; submission, threats and freedom of movement violations; the impossibility of being “themselves”; and the inclusion and exclusion promoted by being English speakers. On the other hand, the reports also reveal individual and collective resources such as protection and support networks created to deal with the hardships experienced in Brazil. The current study also presents a critical view to the simplistic and restricted understanding in some antitrafficking approaches and research. It necessarily considers humantrafficking related to social, economic, political and cultural issues. Based therefore on an understanding of the structural conditions of the Filipino women experience. All that reveals how complex, multidetermined and multifaceted is the theme.
Brazil has recently entered the context of “new global ties” of migration with the arrival of Southeast Asian Filipino women for domestic work, notably in the city of São Paulo. Working and living conditions are aggravated with violations regarding human trafficking, which has had consequences for their mental health. The objective of this study is to understand those consequences. Based on a qualitative approach research methodology, in depth interviews based on a semistructured script were carried on with eight domestic worker Filipino women. The eight interlocutors, who arrived in São Paulo with previously agreed job vacancy, were recruited by an agency and/or by the employer. The present study is based on an interdisciplinary theoretical approach proper to the Collective Health field studies. The reports revealed that daily work and life of these women are crossed by violence that causes suffering and, therefore, affects their mental health. Filipino domestic workers residing in São Paulo have dealt with radical geographic family separation and transnational motherhood; the impossibility of return to their country of origin; deceit and abuses reflected in excessive working hours; submission, threats and freedom of movement violations; the impossibility of being “themselves”; and the inclusion and exclusion promoted by being English speakers. On the other hand, the reports also reveal individual and collective resources such as protection and support networks created to deal with the hardships experienced in Brazil. The current study also presents a critical view to the simplistic and restricted understanding in some antitrafficking approaches and research. It necessarily considers humantrafficking related to social, economic, political and cultural issues. Based therefore on an understanding of the structural conditions of the Filipino women experience. All that reveals how complex, multidetermined and multifaceted is the theme.