Constituição química da Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Mastruz/Erva-de-Santa-Maria) e sua correlação farmacoterapêutica no tratamento de Leishmaniose: Revisão bibliográfica
Data
2023-01-04
Autores
Nawoe, Ricardo Santos 
Orientadores
Andreo, Marcio Adriano
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A Chenopodium ambrosioides é uma planta extremamente comum em regiões tropicais e subtropicais, conhecida no Brasil pelos nomes populares mastruz e erva-de-Santa-Maria, sendo popularmente utilizada como tratamento anti-helmíntico. Esta revisão bibliográfica tem como objetivo compilar o conhecimento existente sobre a C. Ambrosioides, correlacionando sua composição química com a atividade farmacológica para o tratamento de leishmaniose. Foram selecionados artigos científicos de 2012 até 2022 em três bases de dados (BVS, Periódicos CAPES e PubMed) utilizando os nomes científicos da planta como palavras-chave principais, obtendo 23 artigos que foram citados e discutidos nesta revisão. A composição da C. ambrosioides compreende mais de 300 substâncias, sendo seu óleo essencial principalmente composto por monoterpenos. O teor de cada componente em seu óleo essencial varia bastante com fatores climáticos e regionais em que a planta se encontra. Dentre os principais compostos identificados, o ascaridol, o carvacrol e o óxido de cariofileno foram os que apresentaram ação farmacológica anti-leishmania. Cada composto apresentou mecanismos de ação distintos e isoladamente possuem baixo índice de seletividade nos testes in vitro, porém índice de seletividade acima de 10 quando combinados no óleo essencial, indicando potencial atividade sinérgica. Os testes in vivo mostraram potencial terapêutico, promovendo maior redução das lesões causadas pelo parasita quando comparado ao antimoniato de meglumina, medicamento de referência no tratamento de leishmanioses. O índice de toxicidade da planta é baixo, possibilitando maior controle de dose efetiva da planta. Desta forma, a planta demonstra potencial como tratamento alternativo ou adjuvante de leishmaniose, reduzindo o avanço da doença e com menos reações adversas. Maiores estudos são necessários para padronizar e otimizar o cultivo e extração do óleo, devido sua alta variabilidade de teores de componentes.
Chenopodium ambrosioides is an extremely common plant in tropical and subtropical regions, known in Brazil by the popular names mastruz and erva-de-Santa-Maria, and is popularly used as an anthelmintic treatment. This bibliographical review aims to compile existing knowledge about C. ambrosioides and correlate its chemical composition with its pharmacological activity for the leishmaniasis treatment. Scientific articles from 2012 to 2022 were searched in three databases (BVS, Periódicos CAPES and PubMed) using the plant scientific names as main keywords, obtaining 23 articles that were cited in this review. The C. ambrosioides composition comprises more than 300 substances, and its essential oil is mainly composed of monoterpenes. The percentage of each component in its essential oil varies greatly with climatic and regional factors in which the plant grows. Among the main compounds identified, ascaridole, carvacrol and caryophyllene oxide were the ones that showed anti-leishmanial activity. Each compound showed different mechanisms of action and individually had a low selectivity index in in vitro tests, but a selectivity index above 10 when combined in the essential oil, indicating potential synergistic activity between them. The in vivo tests showed therapeutic potential, promoting a greater reduction of lesions caused by the parasite compared to meglumine antimoniate, a reference drug in the treatment of leishmaniasis. The plant's toxicity index is low, allowing greater control of the plant's effective dose. The plant thus demonstrates potential as an alternative or adjuvant treatment for leishmaniasis, reducing the progression of the disease and with fewer adverse reactions. Further studies are needed to standardize and optimize oil cultivation and extraction, due to its high variability of compound contents.
Chenopodium ambrosioides is an extremely common plant in tropical and subtropical regions, known in Brazil by the popular names mastruz and erva-de-Santa-Maria, and is popularly used as an anthelmintic treatment. This bibliographical review aims to compile existing knowledge about C. ambrosioides and correlate its chemical composition with its pharmacological activity for the leishmaniasis treatment. Scientific articles from 2012 to 2022 were searched in three databases (BVS, Periódicos CAPES and PubMed) using the plant scientific names as main keywords, obtaining 23 articles that were cited in this review. The C. ambrosioides composition comprises more than 300 substances, and its essential oil is mainly composed of monoterpenes. The percentage of each component in its essential oil varies greatly with climatic and regional factors in which the plant grows. Among the main compounds identified, ascaridole, carvacrol and caryophyllene oxide were the ones that showed anti-leishmanial activity. Each compound showed different mechanisms of action and individually had a low selectivity index in in vitro tests, but a selectivity index above 10 when combined in the essential oil, indicating potential synergistic activity between them. The in vivo tests showed therapeutic potential, promoting a greater reduction of lesions caused by the parasite compared to meglumine antimoniate, a reference drug in the treatment of leishmaniasis. The plant's toxicity index is low, allowing greater control of the plant's effective dose. The plant thus demonstrates potential as an alternative or adjuvant treatment for leishmaniasis, reducing the progression of the disease and with fewer adverse reactions. Further studies are needed to standardize and optimize oil cultivation and extraction, due to its high variability of compound contents.