Representação social de obesidade de professores em formação inicial, professores em serviço e pesquisadores: estudo comparativo e correlacional
Data
2022-12-12
Autores
El Zahab, Amani Ahmad 
Orientadores
Santos, Camilo de Lellis
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O século XX trouxe diversas mudanças como são observadas nos padrões de dieta ricas em
alimentos processados e queda de atividade física, impactando os hábitos de vida da sociedade
contemporânea. Essa conjuntura combinada com fatores ambientais, psicológicos e genéticos estão
associados com o aumento da taxa de obesidade e sobrepeso que quase triplicou desde 1975,
também prevalecendo no público mais jovem. Medidas eficazes a fim de cessar a taxa crescente
são baseadas em políticas públicas sociais e educacionais, informações científicas confiáveis e
compreensão dos significados que a população atribui a obesidade. A investigação de significados
atribuídos é analisada nos estudos da Representação Social (RS). A identificação da RS de
mediadores do papel educativo e disseminação de conhecimento científico como pesquisadores,
professores e universitários tornase crucial para contribuir na medida eficaz mencionada. Dessa
forma, o estudo investigou e comparou a RS de obesidade dos estudantes, professores de ciências
e especialistas (pesquisadores) da área em São Paulo. A metodologia utilizada foi a Técnica de
Associação Livre de Palavras de Tabulação Cruzada e um questionário sociodemográfico com
escala de silhueta. Para as análises e identificação da RS foram utilizados os softwares Ensemble
de Programmes Permettant l'Analyse des Évocations (EVOC 2000®), e IRaMuTeQ de Pierre
Ratinaud, baseados na Teoria da Representação Social e Teoria do Núcleo Central de Moscovici
(1978) e Abric (2001), respectivamente. Nossos resultados demonstram que os estudantes
objetificam a obesidade e reconhecem que a alimentação e sedentarismo podem desencadeá la.
Professores de ciências apresentaram uma abordagem psicológica e emocional como
circunstâncias mentais na construção de representações sociais do termo. Todavia, não associaram
diretamente como uma doença. Enquanto pesquisadores descrevem a obesidade como doença
inflamatória e não atribuíram significados sociais e psicológicos à representação. Quando
comparado ao perfil de IMC e percepções corpóreas, nossos resultados indicam que pessoas obesas
ou com sobrepeso apresentam uma consciência social, emocional e mental mais ampla na
compreensão do fenômeno obesidade. Similarmente, o fator idade, que pode refletir maturidade, é
um elemento determinístico para o desenvolvimento mais amplo da representação social de
obesidade. Assim, as políticas públicas educacionais e métodos de ensino poderiam incorporar os
elementos psicoemocionais da obesidade quando forem abordar a temática.
The twentieth century brought many changes as can be observed in diet patterns enriched with processed food and decrease in physical activity, impacting the habits of contemporary society. This conjecture combined with environmental, psychological, and genetic factors are associated with the rise of obesity and overweight rate that has nearly tripled since 1975, also prevailing in the youth public. Effective alternatives to cease the rising rate are based on social and educational public policies, reliable scientific information and understanding meanings that the population attribute to obesity. The investigation of meaning attribution is analyzed in Social Representation (SR) studies. Identifying the SR of mediators in educational roles and dissemination of scientific knowledge becomes a crucial activity to contribute to the effective alternative cited. Therefore, we investigated and compared the SR for obesity of the undergraduate students, teachers, and specialists (researchers) in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The methodology used to reach our objectives was the cross tabulation of Free Word Associations Technique (FWAT). The SR identification and analysis using Ensemble de Programmes Permettant l'Analyse des Évocations (EVOC 2000®), and IRAMUTEQ by Pierre Ratinaud, based on Social Representation Theory (SRT) and Central core Theory (CCT), by Moscovici (1978) and Abric (2001) respectively. Our findings show that the students objectified obesity and acknowledged food and sedentarism can initiate it. Teachers presented a psychological approach such as mental circumstances. However, they did not directly consider obesity as a disease. While researchers described obesity as an inflammatory disease and did not attribute psychological or social meanings to the representation. When comparing BMI profiles and perceptions, our findings propose the hypothesis that people with overweight or obesity present a larger conscience on social, emotional, and mental issues related to obesity. Therefore, the educational public policies and teaching methodologies could incorporate psicological and emotional elements related to obesity when approaching the topic.
The twentieth century brought many changes as can be observed in diet patterns enriched with processed food and decrease in physical activity, impacting the habits of contemporary society. This conjecture combined with environmental, psychological, and genetic factors are associated with the rise of obesity and overweight rate that has nearly tripled since 1975, also prevailing in the youth public. Effective alternatives to cease the rising rate are based on social and educational public policies, reliable scientific information and understanding meanings that the population attribute to obesity. The investigation of meaning attribution is analyzed in Social Representation (SR) studies. Identifying the SR of mediators in educational roles and dissemination of scientific knowledge becomes a crucial activity to contribute to the effective alternative cited. Therefore, we investigated and compared the SR for obesity of the undergraduate students, teachers, and specialists (researchers) in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The methodology used to reach our objectives was the cross tabulation of Free Word Associations Technique (FWAT). The SR identification and analysis using Ensemble de Programmes Permettant l'Analyse des Évocations (EVOC 2000®), and IRAMUTEQ by Pierre Ratinaud, based on Social Representation Theory (SRT) and Central core Theory (CCT), by Moscovici (1978) and Abric (2001) respectively. Our findings show that the students objectified obesity and acknowledged food and sedentarism can initiate it. Teachers presented a psychological approach such as mental circumstances. However, they did not directly consider obesity as a disease. While researchers described obesity as an inflammatory disease and did not attribute psychological or social meanings to the representation. When comparing BMI profiles and perceptions, our findings propose the hypothesis that people with overweight or obesity present a larger conscience on social, emotional, and mental issues related to obesity. Therefore, the educational public policies and teaching methodologies could incorporate psicological and emotional elements related to obesity when approaching the topic.