Expansão com expulsão: a ocupação territorial do Estado imperial às margens do Rio Tietê e as resistências e negociações das populações indígenas no Oeste paulista (1858-1879)
Data
2021-08-17
Autores
Santos, José Henrique Lima 
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
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Resumo
A presente pesquisa pretende analisar a expansão do Estado imperial ao longo do Rio Tietê, entre 1858 e 1879. Mais especificamente, nosso olhar está concentrado na região do Oeste paulista, grosso modo entre as atuais cidades de Bauru e Avanhandava. Nesse processo, interessa-nos particularmente a relação dessa expansão com as populações indígenas. Nosso recorte espacial justifica-se na medida em que, diferentemente de outros territórios paulistas, na referida região não foram criados aldeamentos indígenas, mesmo com a legislação vigente prevendo o empreendimento desses núcleos em áreas habitadas por esses grupos. Nossa hipótese, a partir da bibliografia e das fontes consultadas é a de que haviam indígenas na região e a ausência de políticas estatais mais claras levou a diversos conflitos. O processo de ocupação territorial empreendido pelo Estado no interior da província paulista sofreu grande resistência por parte das populações indígenas, especialmente da sociedade Kaingang. As tentativas de abertura de estradas, instalação de colônias militares, ferrovias, expedições científicas e comitivas de homens armados foram alguns dos braços lançados pelas elites políticas no objetivo de consolidar o território nacional e criar novas áreas econômicas. Nosso recorte temporal é embasado no Relatório de navegação fluvial pelo Rio Tietê, em 1858, até as ações indígenas ocorridas nas “matas de Bauru” em 1879, colocando em risco o projeto imperial. Utilizamos como fontes documentos administrativos diversos, localizados no Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo. Também recorremos aos jornais do período disponíveis na Hemeroteca Digital da Biblioteca Nacional. A realização deste trabalho é motivada pela renovação historiográfica sobre a História Indígena, iniciada no Brasil, sobretudo, a partir da década de 1990. Tal movimento busca destacar o protagonismo indígena no processo de formação do país, sem desconsiderar as relações assimétricas de poder em que estas populações agiam perante o Estado e os seus agentes.
The following investigation aims to examine the expansion of Brazilian’s Imperial State along the Tietê River, between 1858 and 1879. Particularly, the focus is on the region of western São Paulo. Broadly speaking, between the actual cities of Bauru and Avanhandava. In this process the interest is in the relationship between this expansion and the indigenous populations. The spatial selection is justified because, unlike other territories in São Paulo state, no indigenous villages were created in this region even though the legislation in force provided for the development of these centers in areas inhabited by these groups. The hypothesis based on the bibliography and the sources consulted is that there were indigenous people in the region and the absence of clearer state policies led to several conflicts. The process of territorial occupation undertaken by the State in the interior of the São Paulo province suffered great resistance from the indigenous populations, especially the Kaingang society. The attempts to open roads, install military colonies, railroads, scientific expeditions and armed men convoys were some of the arms launched by the political elites in order to consolidate the national territory and create new economic areas. The time frame is based on the Report of the fluvial navigation on the Tietê River, in 1858, up to the indigenous actions that took place in the "Bauru woods" in 1879, putting the imperial project at risk. As sources used various administrative documents, located in the Public Archives of the State of São Paulo. In addition, for this research it was also used newspapers from the period located in the National Library's Hemeroteca Digital. This work is motivated by the historiographic renewal of Indigenous History, which began in Brazil, especially in the 1990s. Such movement seeks to highlight the indigenous protagonism in the country's formation process, without disregarding the asymmetric power relations in which these populations acted before the State and its agents.
The following investigation aims to examine the expansion of Brazilian’s Imperial State along the Tietê River, between 1858 and 1879. Particularly, the focus is on the region of western São Paulo. Broadly speaking, between the actual cities of Bauru and Avanhandava. In this process the interest is in the relationship between this expansion and the indigenous populations. The spatial selection is justified because, unlike other territories in São Paulo state, no indigenous villages were created in this region even though the legislation in force provided for the development of these centers in areas inhabited by these groups. The hypothesis based on the bibliography and the sources consulted is that there were indigenous people in the region and the absence of clearer state policies led to several conflicts. The process of territorial occupation undertaken by the State in the interior of the São Paulo province suffered great resistance from the indigenous populations, especially the Kaingang society. The attempts to open roads, install military colonies, railroads, scientific expeditions and armed men convoys were some of the arms launched by the political elites in order to consolidate the national territory and create new economic areas. The time frame is based on the Report of the fluvial navigation on the Tietê River, in 1858, up to the indigenous actions that took place in the "Bauru woods" in 1879, putting the imperial project at risk. As sources used various administrative documents, located in the Public Archives of the State of São Paulo. In addition, for this research it was also used newspapers from the period located in the National Library's Hemeroteca Digital. This work is motivated by the historiographic renewal of Indigenous History, which began in Brazil, especially in the 1990s. Such movement seeks to highlight the indigenous protagonism in the country's formation process, without disregarding the asymmetric power relations in which these populations acted before the State and its agents.
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Citação
SANTOS, José Henrique Lima. Expansão com expulsão: a ocupação territorial do Estado imperial às margens do Rio Tietê e as resistências e negociações das populações indígenas no Oeste paulista (1858-1879). 2021. 123 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Licenciatura em História) – Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Guarulhos, 2021.