A influência do consumo da Ayahuasca em contexto ritual na cognição, temperamento e religiosidade: uma comparação entre usuários experientes e iniciantes do Centro Luz Divina, Piedade – SP
Data
2021-05-25
Autores
Fonseca, Arilton Martins [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Rodrigues, Eliana [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Tese de doutorado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Objetivos: 1) Descrever a história da formação do Centro Luz Divina, Piedade – SP; 2) descrever as plantas envolvidas na confecção das bebidas Ayahuasca no referido Centro; 3) identificar os alcaloides existentes nas bebidas Ayahuasca e nas plantas utilizadas nos rituais religiosos do referido Centro; e 4) avaliar e comparar os parâmetros psicológicos “cognição”, “temperamento” e “religiosidade” dos usuários experientes (usam Ayahuasca há mais de 20 anos), iniciantes (usam Ayahuasca há menos de 3 anos) e grupo controle (não usuários de Ayahuasca). Métodos: Por meio da Etnografia, foram coletadas informações sobre a história de formação do Centro Luz Divina. Métodos da botânica foram utilizados para a coleta e a identificação das plantas que compõem as bebidas Ayahuasca do referido Centro. Análises químicas, via UHPLC-HRMS, foram realizadas para identificar os alcaloides de duas bebidas e das plantas. Para avaliar “cognição”, “temperamento” e “religiosidade” foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal, do qual participaram 48 pessoas, divididas em dois grupos: (a) grupo estudo: subdividido em grupo experiente e grupo iniciante, ambos compostos por 16 pessoas (8 homens e 8 mulheres); (b) grupo controle: 16 pessoas (8 homens e 8 mulheres), pareados por sexo, faixa etária e escolaridade. Foi utilizado o teste estatístico MANOVA, com significância estatística para um ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Foram confirmadas as identidades das plantas Psychotria viridis Ruiz & Pav. (família Rubiaceae) e Banisteriopsis caapi (Spruce ex Griseb.) Morton (família Malpighiaceae). Nas duas bebidas Ayahuasca, foi encontrada apenas a ß-carbolina Tetrahidroharmina. Nos extratos aquosos das plantas, realizados em laboratório, foram detectadas a presença de N, N, Dimetiltriptamina, nas folhas da P. viridis, e apenas a Tetrahidroharmina, nos caules de B. caapi. Os dados sociodemográficos dos participantes do estudo foram homogêneos. Todos os grupos estudados apresentaram desempenho intelectual na média. O grupo experiente obteve desempenho superior em relação ao grupo iniciante nas tarefas Dígitos e Cubos de Corsi. Evidências significativas da dimensão emocional Vontade foram identificadas apenas no grupo experiente. As mulheres do grupo experiente se sobressaíram na dimensão emocional Controle. O grupo experiente apresentou elevados escores de religiosidade, quando comparado aos grupos iniciante e controle. Conclusões: O grupo experiente obteve desempenho superior em relação ao grupo iniciante: (a) nas tarefas que envolveram memória de trabalho verbal e visuoespacial, (b) na dimensão emocional Vontade e (c) religiosidade. Os participantes do presente estudo parecem não apresentar comprometimentos cognitivos ou neuropsicológicos, pois os resultados dos testes denotaram preservação global das funções cognitivas avaliadas.
Objectives: 1) To describe the history of the Centro Luz Divina, Piedade - SP; 2) describe the plants involved in making Ayahuasca beverages at the said Center; 3) identify the alkaloids found in Ayahuasca drinks and in the plants used in the religious rituals of that Center; and 4) evaluate and compare the psychological parameters "cognition", "temperament" and "religiosity" of experienced users (using Ayahuasca for over 20 years), beginners (using Ayahuasca for less than 3 years) and control group (not Ayahuasca users). Methods: Through Ethnography, information was collected from the history of the Centro Luz Divina. Botany methods were used to collect and identify the plants that are used to make the Ayahuasca beverages at that Center. Chemical analyzes, via UHPLC-HRMS, were performed to identify the alkaloids from two drinks and from plants. To assess “cognition”, “temperament” and “religiosity” an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, in which 48 people participated, divided into two groups: (a) study group: subdivided into an experienced group and a beginner group, both composed of 16 people (8 men and 8 women); (b) control group: 16 people (8 men and 8 women), matched by sex, age group and education. The MANOVA statistical test was used, with statistical significance for a ≤ 0.05. Results: The identities of the plants have been confirmed as Psychotria viridis Ruiz & Pav. (family Rubiaceae) and Banisteriopsis caapi (Spruce ex Griseb.) Morton (family Malpighiaceae). In the two Ayahuasca beverages, only ß-carboline Tetrahidroharmina was found. In the aqueous extracts of the plants, carried out in the laboratory, the presence of N, N, Dimethyltryptamine was detected in the leaves of P. viridis, and only Tetrahydroharmina, in the stems of B. caapi. The sociodemographic data of the study’s participants were homogeneous. All groups studied have an average intellectual performance. The experienced group obtained superior performance in relation to the beginner group in the Digits and Cubes of Corsi tasks. Significant evidence of the Volition emotional dimension was identified only in the experienced group. The women in the experienced group stood out in the emotional dimension Control. The experienced group had high scores for religiosity when compared to the beginner and control groups. Conclusions: The experienced group obtained superior performance in relation to the beginner group: (a) in tasks that involved verbal and visuospatial working memory, (b) in the emotional dimension Volition and (c) religiosity. The participants in the present study do not appear to have cognitive or neuropsychological impairments, as the test results denote overall preservation of the assessed cognitive functions.
Objectives: 1) To describe the history of the Centro Luz Divina, Piedade - SP; 2) describe the plants involved in making Ayahuasca beverages at the said Center; 3) identify the alkaloids found in Ayahuasca drinks and in the plants used in the religious rituals of that Center; and 4) evaluate and compare the psychological parameters "cognition", "temperament" and "religiosity" of experienced users (using Ayahuasca for over 20 years), beginners (using Ayahuasca for less than 3 years) and control group (not Ayahuasca users). Methods: Through Ethnography, information was collected from the history of the Centro Luz Divina. Botany methods were used to collect and identify the plants that are used to make the Ayahuasca beverages at that Center. Chemical analyzes, via UHPLC-HRMS, were performed to identify the alkaloids from two drinks and from plants. To assess “cognition”, “temperament” and “religiosity” an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, in which 48 people participated, divided into two groups: (a) study group: subdivided into an experienced group and a beginner group, both composed of 16 people (8 men and 8 women); (b) control group: 16 people (8 men and 8 women), matched by sex, age group and education. The MANOVA statistical test was used, with statistical significance for a ≤ 0.05. Results: The identities of the plants have been confirmed as Psychotria viridis Ruiz & Pav. (family Rubiaceae) and Banisteriopsis caapi (Spruce ex Griseb.) Morton (family Malpighiaceae). In the two Ayahuasca beverages, only ß-carboline Tetrahidroharmina was found. In the aqueous extracts of the plants, carried out in the laboratory, the presence of N, N, Dimethyltryptamine was detected in the leaves of P. viridis, and only Tetrahydroharmina, in the stems of B. caapi. The sociodemographic data of the study’s participants were homogeneous. All groups studied have an average intellectual performance. The experienced group obtained superior performance in relation to the beginner group in the Digits and Cubes of Corsi tasks. Significant evidence of the Volition emotional dimension was identified only in the experienced group. The women in the experienced group stood out in the emotional dimension Control. The experienced group had high scores for religiosity when compared to the beginner and control groups. Conclusions: The experienced group obtained superior performance in relation to the beginner group: (a) in tasks that involved verbal and visuospatial working memory, (b) in the emotional dimension Volition and (c) religiosity. The participants in the present study do not appear to have cognitive or neuropsychological impairments, as the test results denote overall preservation of the assessed cognitive functions.
Descrição
Citação
FONSECA, A. M. A influência do consumo da Ayahuasca em contexto ritual na cognição, temperamento e religiosidade: uma comparação entre usuários experientes e iniciantes do Centro Luz Divina, Piedade – SP. 2021. 321 f. Tese (Doutorado em Biologia Química). Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, 2021.