Fatores que controlam a hipertrofia muscular – uma revisão bibliográfica
Data
2021-08-05
Autores
Lima, Kaio da Silva Soares de 
Orientadores
Giannocco, Gisele
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
As fibras musculares esqueléticas sofrem remodelamento apresentando alta capacidade de adaptação morfológica podendo resultar em hipertrofia. Essa condição pode ser mediada por sinais extracelulares como resposta a fatores externos (atividade física) e internos (doença, hormônios, fatores de crescimento). Nesta pesquisa verificou-se que as vias de sinalização, para o aumento da massa, são as mesmas para ambos os sexos. Logo, o processo de aumento da massa muscular tem uma característica em comum para todas as vias, o turnover proteico, ou seja, a síntese e degradação proteica provoca um balanço positivo que culmina no aumento do músculo. Muitos estudos foram feitos utilizando animais transgênicos afim de se investigar a importância de cada via de sinalização na hipertrofia. Entretanto, ainda existe muito a ser entendido e compreendido. No presente estudo de revisão, foram abordados os fatores que levam a hipertrofia da musculatura esquelética, bem como as principais vias de sinalização: via da AKT/mTOR, via da calcineurina/NFAT (Fator nuclear de células T ativadas), via das MAPKs, além das células satélites, IGF-1, testosterona e da miostatina.
Skeletal muscle fibers can remodel with high morphological adaptability, which can result in hypertrophy. This condition can be mediated by extracellular signals in response to external signs (physical activity) and internal (diseases, hormones, growth factors). In this research was verified that the signalling pathways for the increase in mass are the same for both genders. For this reason, the process of increasing muscle mass has a common characteristic for all pathways, protein turnover, in this case, protein synthesis and degradation cause a positive balance that result in muscle growth. Several studies were carried out using transgenic animals in order to investigate the importance of each signalling pathway in hypertrophy. However, it was evident that there is still a lot to be researched and understood. In the present review, the factors that lead to skeletal muscle hypertrophy were investigated, as well as the main signalling pathways: AKT/mTOR pathway, calcineurin/NFAT (Activated T cell nuclear factor), MAPK pathway, also including satellite cells, IGF-1, testosterone and myostatin.
Skeletal muscle fibers can remodel with high morphological adaptability, which can result in hypertrophy. This condition can be mediated by extracellular signals in response to external signs (physical activity) and internal (diseases, hormones, growth factors). In this research was verified that the signalling pathways for the increase in mass are the same for both genders. For this reason, the process of increasing muscle mass has a common characteristic for all pathways, protein turnover, in this case, protein synthesis and degradation cause a positive balance that result in muscle growth. Several studies were carried out using transgenic animals in order to investigate the importance of each signalling pathway in hypertrophy. However, it was evident that there is still a lot to be researched and understood. In the present review, the factors that lead to skeletal muscle hypertrophy were investigated, as well as the main signalling pathways: AKT/mTOR pathway, calcineurin/NFAT (Activated T cell nuclear factor), MAPK pathway, also including satellite cells, IGF-1, testosterone and myostatin.