Poluição por microplásticos na água e sedimento do Reservatório Guarapiranga, Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil
Data
2020-08-03
Autores
Gerolin, Cristiano Rezende [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Semensatto, Décio [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Microplásticos são polímeros sintéticos com tamanho entre 1 e 1000 μm, resultantes da fragmentação de plásticos maiores no meio ambiente e/ou partículas plásticas pré-produzidas nestas dimensões. A preocupação quanto a esse tipo de resíduo é crescente devido aos possíveis impactos ambientais associados, dentre os quais destaca-se a ingestão por animais, a liberação de aditivos tóxicos e o transporte de outras substâncias prejudiciais ao ambiente aquático e ao ser humano. Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral do trabalho foi o de detectar e caracterizar microplásticos em amostras de água e sedimento da Represa Guarapiranga – Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. As amostras foram coletadas em 8 pontos distribuídos por todo o reservatório em duas campanhas de coleta, sendo a primeira na transição entre o período de estiagem e chuvoso (Out/2018) e a segunda no final do período chuvoso (Mar/2019). As amostras foram peneiradas a úmido em malha de 63 μm, realizados procedimentos de digestão de matéria orgânica com H2O2 30% e de flotação com solução de ZnCl2 (d = 1.7 g/ml) para pré-concentração naquelas com sedimentos predominantemente arenosos. A concentração de microplásticos variou espacialmente e sazonalmente, sendo que as maiores concentrações foram observadas próximas às áreas densamente povoadas do reservatório e durante a estação mais seca. A concentração de microplásticos na coluna d’água variou de 150-3100 partículas/m³ e 0,07-25,05 mm³/m³ (período seco), 70-7900 partículas/m³ e 0,06-4,57 mm³/m³ (período chuvoso). As concentrações no sedimento variaram de 210-22999 partículas/kg e 0,15-111,46 mm³/kg. Espera-se que nosso estudo, por ser o primeiro águas e sedimentos em reservatório no Brasil, possa contribuir com o avanço da pesquisa neste tipo de ambiente e com a adoção de políticas de monitoramento quanto à microplásticos.
Microplastics are synthetic polymers with sizes between 1 and 1000 μm, resulting from the fragmentation of larger plastics in the environment and plastic particles pre-produced in these dimensions. The concern about this type of waste is growing due to the possible associated environmental impacts, among which the ingestion by animals, the release of toxic additives, and the transport of other substances harmful to the aquatic environment and the human being stands out. In this context, the work's general objective was to detect and characterize microplastics in samples of water and sediment from the Guarapiranga Dam - Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. The samples were collected at 8 points distributed throughout the reservoir in two collection campaigns, the first at the transition between the drought and rainy season (Oct/ 018) and the second at the end of the rainy season (Mar/2019). The samples were sieved wet in a 63 μm mesh, procedures for digesting organic matter with 30% H2O2 and flotation with ZnCl2 solution (d = 1.7 g/ml) pre-concentration in those with predominantly sandy sediments. Microplastics' concentration varied spatially and seasonally, with the highest concentrations being observed close to the densely populated areas of the reservoir and during the driest season. The concentration of microplastics in the water column ranged from 150-3100 particles/m³ and 0.07-25.05 mm³/m³ (dry period), 70-7900 particles/m³ and 0.06-4.57 mm³/m³ (rainy season). The concentrations in the sediment ranged from 210-22999 particles/kg and 0.15-111.46 mm³/kg. As the first study about microplastics in water and sediment in Brazilian reservoirs, it can contribute to advance research in this type of environment and the adoption of monitoring policies regarding microplastics.
Microplastics are synthetic polymers with sizes between 1 and 1000 μm, resulting from the fragmentation of larger plastics in the environment and plastic particles pre-produced in these dimensions. The concern about this type of waste is growing due to the possible associated environmental impacts, among which the ingestion by animals, the release of toxic additives, and the transport of other substances harmful to the aquatic environment and the human being stands out. In this context, the work's general objective was to detect and characterize microplastics in samples of water and sediment from the Guarapiranga Dam - Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. The samples were collected at 8 points distributed throughout the reservoir in two collection campaigns, the first at the transition between the drought and rainy season (Oct/ 018) and the second at the end of the rainy season (Mar/2019). The samples were sieved wet in a 63 μm mesh, procedures for digesting organic matter with 30% H2O2 and flotation with ZnCl2 solution (d = 1.7 g/ml) pre-concentration in those with predominantly sandy sediments. Microplastics' concentration varied spatially and seasonally, with the highest concentrations being observed close to the densely populated areas of the reservoir and during the driest season. The concentration of microplastics in the water column ranged from 150-3100 particles/m³ and 0.07-25.05 mm³/m³ (dry period), 70-7900 particles/m³ and 0.06-4.57 mm³/m³ (rainy season). The concentrations in the sediment ranged from 210-22999 particles/kg and 0.15-111.46 mm³/kg. As the first study about microplastics in water and sediment in Brazilian reservoirs, it can contribute to advance research in this type of environment and the adoption of monitoring policies regarding microplastics.
Descrição
Citação
GEROLIN, C.R. Poluição por Microplásticos na Água e Sedimento do Reservatório Guarapiranga, Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. 2020. 62 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Análise Ambiental Integrada) - Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, 2020.