Estudo exploratório sobre seletividade alimentar no transtorno do espectro do autismo
Data
2020-12-10
Autores
Souza, Camila Malinara 
Orientadores
Tamanaha, Ana Carina
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: A seletividade alimentar é caracterizada pela recusa alimentar, pouco apetite e desinteresse pelo alimento (Gonçalves et al, 2013). Nos indivíduos com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) esse distúrbio geralmente está associado a uma alteração do processamento sensorial: capacidade de registrar, processar, organizar informações sensoriais e executar respostas às demandas ambientais, que podem se manifestar como hipo ou hiper sensibilidade aos estímulos. Mais recentemente alguns estudos têm apontado para a necessidade de se investigar também, as dificuldades motoras orais relacionadas à mastigação e à deglutição, que podem estar associadas à recusa alimentar. Objetivo: Investigar as questões relacionadas à seletividade alimentar em crianças com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo e a repercussão desta condição clínica para o fonoaudiólogo. Metodologia: Foram entrevistados 22 fonoaudiólogos com experiência no atendimento de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo. Todos os participantes tiveram que responder ao questionário delineado especificamente para este estudo que constava de 8 questões sobre a caracterização da seletividade alimentar (CEP 0334/2020). Resultados: O tempo médio de experiência clínica dos fonoaudiólogos foi de 12 anos. Do total de pacientes com TEA atendidos no último ano (n=321), 46,4% tiveram menção à seletividade alimentar na anamnese. Sendo o principal motivo o repertório restrito alimentar (81%), seguido de 44,83% de recusa alimentar e 45,06% de ingestão alimentar de um único alimento ou grupo alimentar. Em relação às questões que caracterizavam as alterações sensoriais: 75% dos pacientes apresentou sensibilidade sensorial por relutância à novidade. Quanto à avaliação do sistema estomatognático: 58,5% dos pacientes apresentavam alteração de tônus e 47,8% de mobilidade dos órgãos fono-articulatórios. Em relação à intervenção terapêutica fonoaudiológica: 49% dos pais recebeu orientações fonoaudiológicas específicas às questões de motricidade orofacial. 15% dos pacientes também estiveram expostos à intervenção sensorial e 38% à intervenção comportamental. Conclusões: Foi possível observar que houve um considerável número de pacientes com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo que apresentaram menção à seletividade alimentar. Esse comportamento esteve associado, em sua maioria, a um repertório alimentar restrito de alimentos. Também pudemos verificar menção às alterações sensoriais, e alterações do sistema estomatognático, como prejuízos de tônus e de mobilidade dos órgãos fonoarticulatórios.
Introduction: Food selectivity is characterized by refusal to eat, poor appetite and lack of interest in food (Gonçalves et al, 2013). In individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), this disorder is usually associated with a change in sensory processing: the ability to record, process, organize sensory information and perform responses to environmental demands, which can manifest as hypo or hyper sensitivity to stimuli . More recently, some studies have pointed to the need to investigate also, oral motor difficulties related to chewing and swallowing, which may be associated with refusal to eat. Objective: To investigate issues related to food selectivity in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the impact of this clinical condition for the speech therapist. Methodology: 22 speech therapists with experience in caring for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder were interviewed. All participants had to answer the questionnaire designed specifically for this study, which consisted of 8 questions about the characterization of food selectivity (CEP 0334/2020). Results: The mean time of clinical experience of speech therapists was 12 years. Of the total number of patients with ASD treated in the last year (n = 321), 46.4% had mention of food selectivity in the anamnesis. The main reason being the restricted food repertoire (81%), followed by 44.83% of food refusal and 45.06% of food intake from a single food or food group. Regarding the questions that characterized the sensory changes: 75% of the patients presented sensory sensitivity due to reluctance to novelty. Regarding the evaluation of the stomatognathic system: 58.5% of the patients presented alterations in tone and 47.8% in mobility of Organs phono-articulatory organs. Regarding speech therapy intervention: 49% of parents received speech therapy guidelines specific to orofacial motricity issues. 15% of patients were also exposed to sensory intervention and 38% to behavioral intervention. Conclusions: It was possible to observe that there was a considerable number of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder who mentioned food selectivity. This behavior was mostly associated with a restricted food repertoire. We were also able to verify mention of sensory changes, and changes in the stomatognathic system, such as impaired tone and mobility of Organs speech organs.
Introduction: Food selectivity is characterized by refusal to eat, poor appetite and lack of interest in food (Gonçalves et al, 2013). In individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), this disorder is usually associated with a change in sensory processing: the ability to record, process, organize sensory information and perform responses to environmental demands, which can manifest as hypo or hyper sensitivity to stimuli . More recently, some studies have pointed to the need to investigate also, oral motor difficulties related to chewing and swallowing, which may be associated with refusal to eat. Objective: To investigate issues related to food selectivity in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the impact of this clinical condition for the speech therapist. Methodology: 22 speech therapists with experience in caring for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder were interviewed. All participants had to answer the questionnaire designed specifically for this study, which consisted of 8 questions about the characterization of food selectivity (CEP 0334/2020). Results: The mean time of clinical experience of speech therapists was 12 years. Of the total number of patients with ASD treated in the last year (n = 321), 46.4% had mention of food selectivity in the anamnesis. The main reason being the restricted food repertoire (81%), followed by 44.83% of food refusal and 45.06% of food intake from a single food or food group. Regarding the questions that characterized the sensory changes: 75% of the patients presented sensory sensitivity due to reluctance to novelty. Regarding the evaluation of the stomatognathic system: 58.5% of the patients presented alterations in tone and 47.8% in mobility of Organs phono-articulatory organs. Regarding speech therapy intervention: 49% of parents received speech therapy guidelines specific to orofacial motricity issues. 15% of patients were also exposed to sensory intervention and 38% to behavioral intervention. Conclusions: It was possible to observe that there was a considerable number of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder who mentioned food selectivity. This behavior was mostly associated with a restricted food repertoire. We were also able to verify mention of sensory changes, and changes in the stomatognathic system, such as impaired tone and mobility of Organs speech organs.
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Citação
SOUZA, Camila Malinara. Estudo exploratório sobre seletividade alimentar no transtorno do espectro do autismo. São Paulo, 2021. 43 p. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Fonoaudiologia) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, XXVIII Congresso Brasileiro de Fonoaudiologia, 2020.