Desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica multirresiduo visando o monitoramento de resíduos de agroquímicos em águas do Parque Indígena do Xingu utilizando LC-MS/MS
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Data
2020-07-23
Autores
Gonçalves, Heloisa [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Silva, Diogo de Oliveira [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O Brasil está entre os principais produtores e fornecedores mundiais de alimentos. No
ramo da agricultura, destaca-se a produção de soja, milho, cana-de-açúcar e algodão,
que consumiram 99,5% dos agroquímicos empregados no Brasil em 2017.
Proporcionalmente ao crescimento da agricultura, tem se observado o aumento da
oferta e do uso de agroquímicos em território nacional. As novas gerações destes
produtos e as grandes extensões destinadas à agricultura no Brasil formam um
cenário desafiador para as agências reguladoras ligadas ao Ministério do Meio
Ambiente e à Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Grande parte deste problema
está localizado na interface entre as áreas de produção agrícola e as reservas ou
parques nacionais, e um destes exemplos é o Parque Indígena do Xingu (PIX). O
adensamento da agricultura extensiva nas áreas que circundam o PIX nos últimos
anos, tem causado uma preocupação na comunidade indígena quanto a qualidade da
água na Bacia do Xingu, uma vez que a maioria das cabeceiras dos rios que formam
o rio Xingu se encontram em área desmatada e fora da proteção do PIX. Embora o
PIX seja uma área de preservação emblemática do território nacional, não há qualquer
relato sobre o monitoramento de agrotóxicos nas águas da Bacia do Xingu. Este
cenário torna evidente que o monitoramento dos resíduos de agroquímicos nas águas
da Bacia do Xingu é uma lacuna que deve ser preenchida. Portanto, este projeto visa
desenvolver uma metodologia de análise de resíduos de agroquímicos em água, sem
extração, e analisar amostras coletadas no PIX, com o intuito de validar a hipótese de
contaminação para posterior encaminhamento das amostras para laboratórios
certificados.
Brazil is among the main world producers and suppliers of food. In the agriculture sector, the production of soy, corn, sugar cane and cotton stands out, which consumed 99.5% of the pesticides used in Brazil in 2017. In proportion to the growth of agriculture, there has been an increase in supply and the use of phytosanitary products in national territory. The new generations of pesticides and the large extensions destined to agriculture in Brazil form a challenging scenario for the regulatory agencies related to the Ministry of the Environment and the National Health Surveillance Agency. Much of this problem is located at the interface between agricultural production areas and national reserves or parks, and one of these examples is the Xingu Indigenous Park (PIX). The densification of extensive agriculture in the areas surrounding the PIX in recent years has caused concern in the indigenous community regarding the quality of water in the Xingu Basin, since most of the headwaters of the rivers that form the Xingu River are in deforested area and out of PIX protection. Although the PIX is an emblematic preservation area of the national territory, there is no report on the monitoring of pesticides in the waters of the Xingu Basin. This scenario makes it evident that the monitoring of phytosanitary residues in the waters of the Xingu Basin is a gap that must be filled. Therefore, this project aims to develop a methodology for analysis of agrochemical residues in water, without extraction, and analyze the samples collected at PIX, in order to validate a contamination hypothesis for later referral to certified laboratories.
Brazil is among the main world producers and suppliers of food. In the agriculture sector, the production of soy, corn, sugar cane and cotton stands out, which consumed 99.5% of the pesticides used in Brazil in 2017. In proportion to the growth of agriculture, there has been an increase in supply and the use of phytosanitary products in national territory. The new generations of pesticides and the large extensions destined to agriculture in Brazil form a challenging scenario for the regulatory agencies related to the Ministry of the Environment and the National Health Surveillance Agency. Much of this problem is located at the interface between agricultural production areas and national reserves or parks, and one of these examples is the Xingu Indigenous Park (PIX). The densification of extensive agriculture in the areas surrounding the PIX in recent years has caused concern in the indigenous community regarding the quality of water in the Xingu Basin, since most of the headwaters of the rivers that form the Xingu River are in deforested area and out of PIX protection. Although the PIX is an emblematic preservation area of the national territory, there is no report on the monitoring of pesticides in the waters of the Xingu Basin. This scenario makes it evident that the monitoring of phytosanitary residues in the waters of the Xingu Basin is a gap that must be filled. Therefore, this project aims to develop a methodology for analysis of agrochemical residues in water, without extraction, and analyze the samples collected at PIX, in order to validate a contamination hypothesis for later referral to certified laboratories.