Processo de modernização portuária: implicações nos acidentes do membro superior dos trabalhadores portuários avulsos
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2011-11-05
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Gomes, Talita [UNIFESP]
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Araujo, Pola Maria Poli de [UNIFESP]
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Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
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Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: O marco oficial da inauguração do Porto de Santos foi em 1892, e este vem
evoluindo e intensificando seu comércio marítimo. A partir da década de1960 os portos
iniciam o processo de modernização relacionado ao advento da conteinerização das cargas.
Em 1993, no Brasil, é sancionada a Lei8.630 que normatiza ações de privatizações,
aumentando o investimento em novas tecnologias portuárias, e consequentes transformações
na organização do trabalho. OBJETIVOS: analisar os acidentes com Trabalhadores Portuários
Avulsos (TPAs) envolvendo a mão e o membro superior no contexto do processo de
modernização. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Esta pesquisa é parte da Pesquisa “Processo de
Modernização Portuária em Santos: implicações na saúde e no adoecimento dos
trabalhadores”, Processo n°473727/2008 –CNPq. Um método desenvolvido contou com a
aplicação de questionários com questões relacionadas aos acidentes em membros superiores.
As informações foram coletadas de 22 de outubro de 2009 a 01 de julho de 2010.
RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistados 453 trabalhadores avulsos do porto de Santos. Destes
213(47%) referiram ter sofrido acidentes/doenças do trabalho dos quais em 71(33%) o evento
ocorreu em membro superior. Destes 71 trabalhadores 93% referiram acidentes típicos e 7%
acidentes de trajeto, o grupo etário variou de 25 a 66 anos. 62% exercem a atividade de
estivador e quando questionados sobre se vivem frequentemente tensão no trabalho, 81,7%
responderam que sim e 18,3% que não. Em relação a causa imediata, foi observado que
19,7% relacionado à maquina ou equipamento, 19,7% por queda da própria altura, 14,1%
excesso de peso (carregar, levantar, puxar), 14,1% por queda de objetos. Observou-se que
32,5% dos portuários tiveram atingidos os dedos; 22,5% as mãos; 16,9% os ombros;9.8% os
braços;8,5% os antebraços;4,2% os punhos e 2,8% os cotovelos. DISCUSSÃO: Quase metade
dos trabalhadores já sofreu algum tipo de acidente durante sua atividade laborativa e em cerca
de um terço foram afetados os membros superiores. No Brasil há poucos estudos relacionando
as condições de trabalho dos portuários aos efeitos nocivos à sua saúde, principalmente
estudos que considerem o processo de modernização portuária. Essa nova configuração do
trabalho irá afetar diretamente a saúde desses trabalhadores com redução dos postos de
trabalho, perda de autonomia, aumento do controle administrativo, diminuição de jornada e
aumento do ritmo de trabalho, a exigência de especialização para quem tem baixo nível de
escolaridade, aumento da gravidade de acidentes, desconhecimento dos riscos e restrição no
acesso do trabalho nos terminais. CONCLUSÃO: Devido ao percentual de traumas de
membros superiores, é importante considerarmos um programa de atendimento especializado
para estes casos, a fim de se evitar uma condução inadequada dos casos e assim piorar o
prognóstico destes acidentes. Também importante a implantação de protocolos
epidemiológicos mais detalhados, abrangendo as mãos, programa de metas de vigilância, e
adequação dos equipamentos de proteção individual.
INTRODUCTION: The official landmark of the inauguration of Port of Santos was in 1892, and this has been evolving and intensifying its maritime trade.From the 1960s the ports begin the modernization process related to the advent of containerization of cargo. In 1993, in Brazil, is sanctioned the law 8.630 that regulates the actions of privatization, increasing investments in new port technologies, and resulting changes in work organization. OBJECTIVES: To analyze accidents with temporary dock’s workers (TDWs) involving the hand and upper limb in the context of the modernization process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research is part of the Research: “Process in Santos Port Modernization: Implications in health and illness among workers," Case No.473727/2008 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting 473727/2008 end_of_the_skype_highlighting- CNPq. A method developed included the use of questionnaires with questions related to accidents in the upper limbs. Information was collected on 22 October 2009 to July 1, 2010. RESULTS: We interviewed 453 temporary workers at the port of Santos. Of these 213 (47%) reported having had an accident / illness in the work of which 71 (33%) the event occurred in the upper limb. Of these 71 workers 93% reported typical accidents and 7% transportation accidents, the age group ranged from 25 to 66 years. 62% of performing the same job as a longshoreman and asked if they often live stress at work, 81.7% said yes and 18.3% who do not. Regarding the immediate cause, it was observed that 19.7% related to the machine or equipment, 19.7% by falling from a height, 14.1% overweight (load, lift, pull), 14.1% for fall of objects. It was observed that 32.5% of the port had reached the fingers, hands 22.5%, 16.9% shoulders, arms 9.8%, 8.5% the forearms, 4.2% wrists and 2, 8% elbows. DISCUSSION: Almost half of workers have suffered some kind of accident during his working activity in and around a third of the upper limbs were affected. In Brazil there are few studies of the working conditions of port to the harmful effects to your health, especially studies that consider the port modernization process. This new configuration of the work will directly affect the health of these workers with a reduction of jobs, loss of autonomy, increased administrative control, reduced working hours and the pace of work, the requirement of expertise for those with low education level, increased severity of accidents, risks and lack of restriction on access from work at the terminals. CONCLUSION: Due to the percentage of upper limb trauma, it is important to consider a program of specialized care for these cases, in order to avoid mismanagement of cases and thus worsen the prognosis of these accidents. Also important to the implementation of more detailed epidemiological protocols, including the hands, the surveillance program goals, and suitability of personal protective equipment.
INTRODUCTION: The official landmark of the inauguration of Port of Santos was in 1892, and this has been evolving and intensifying its maritime trade.From the 1960s the ports begin the modernization process related to the advent of containerization of cargo. In 1993, in Brazil, is sanctioned the law 8.630 that regulates the actions of privatization, increasing investments in new port technologies, and resulting changes in work organization. OBJECTIVES: To analyze accidents with temporary dock’s workers (TDWs) involving the hand and upper limb in the context of the modernization process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research is part of the Research: “Process in Santos Port Modernization: Implications in health and illness among workers," Case No.473727/2008 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting 473727/2008 end_of_the_skype_highlighting- CNPq. A method developed included the use of questionnaires with questions related to accidents in the upper limbs. Information was collected on 22 October 2009 to July 1, 2010. RESULTS: We interviewed 453 temporary workers at the port of Santos. Of these 213 (47%) reported having had an accident / illness in the work of which 71 (33%) the event occurred in the upper limb. Of these 71 workers 93% reported typical accidents and 7% transportation accidents, the age group ranged from 25 to 66 years. 62% of performing the same job as a longshoreman and asked if they often live stress at work, 81.7% said yes and 18.3% who do not. Regarding the immediate cause, it was observed that 19.7% related to the machine or equipment, 19.7% by falling from a height, 14.1% overweight (load, lift, pull), 14.1% for fall of objects. It was observed that 32.5% of the port had reached the fingers, hands 22.5%, 16.9% shoulders, arms 9.8%, 8.5% the forearms, 4.2% wrists and 2, 8% elbows. DISCUSSION: Almost half of workers have suffered some kind of accident during his working activity in and around a third of the upper limbs were affected. In Brazil there are few studies of the working conditions of port to the harmful effects to your health, especially studies that consider the port modernization process. This new configuration of the work will directly affect the health of these workers with a reduction of jobs, loss of autonomy, increased administrative control, reduced working hours and the pace of work, the requirement of expertise for those with low education level, increased severity of accidents, risks and lack of restriction on access from work at the terminals. CONCLUSION: Due to the percentage of upper limb trauma, it is important to consider a program of specialized care for these cases, in order to avoid mismanagement of cases and thus worsen the prognosis of these accidents. Also important to the implementation of more detailed epidemiological protocols, including the hands, the surveillance program goals, and suitability of personal protective equipment.
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Citation
GOMES, Talita. Processo de modernização portuária: implicações nos acidentes do membro superior dos trabalhadores portuários avulsos. 2011. 58 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação (Terapia Ocupacional) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2011.