Anorexia e bulimia – o sofrimento encarnado no corpo
Data
2013-02-19
Autores
Oliveira, Akemi Nakasone Peel Furtado de 
Orientadores
Casetto, Sidnei José
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Na revisão da literatura psicanalítica sobre a anorexia identificamos alguns temas recorrentes: aspectos sociais, relação com a mãe (mãe-filha), demandas e transformações da adolescência, sexualidade, questões metapsicológicas e imagem corporal. Considerando que um dos critérios descritos pelo DSM IV para caracterização da sintomatologia da Anorexia Nervosa é a distorção da imagem corporal, o objetivo inicial do projeto foi o de discutir a possibilidade de se falar, não em distorção, mas em busca por um ideal de corpo perfeito, concebido como “sem um grama de gordura”, em que nenhuma imperfeição é tolerada. O problema estaria em tentar encarnar um corpo perfeito, não segundo um determinado padrão de beleza, mas segundo um conceito de perfeição incompatível com a vida. A metodologia escolhida foi a de observação de pacientes que já estavam em atendimento em grupo terapêutico no serviço de Hospital-dia do Programa de Atenção aos Transtornos Alimentares (PROATA), um programa do Departamento de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM). Deparamo-nos com o imprevisto de que o grupo que a instituição poderia oferecer naquele momento, para que fossem feitas as observações, era um grupo de terapia com pacientes diagnosticadas com Bulimia Nervosa. Se por um lado a mudança quanto ao diagnóstico do grupo de pacientes a ser observado proporcionou uma desestruturação; por outro lado, a riqueza presente no conteúdo observado estava no próprio fato de esta observação ter sido feita sem um referencial teórico que dirigisse a escuta e a observação. A partir da análise das falas observadas nas sessões do grupo, pudemos pensar os transtornos alimentares da anorexia e da bulimia não apenas como modos patológicos do sujeito se relacionar com a comida, mas como uma colocação em jogo, no corpo, de impasses vividos que articulam aspectos sociais, relações com o outro e formações da imagem corporal e de hipóteses metapsicológicas. O corpo, nesses quadros, impõe-se como objeto de triunfo ou vergonha, pois é nele que se inscrevem os resultados da busca incessante por uma imagem de corpo ideal, por um ideal de completude. A anoréxica busca o corpo perfeito, o corpo “divino”. E, em oposição a essa busca, há a voracidade e o descontrole do comportamento bulímico. Por meio da análise de um referencial teórico a respeito da bulimia, das observações apresentadas na introdução quanto à anorexia e das falas observadas das pacientes, observamos aspectos que nos permitem pensar os transtornos alimentares não só como distúrbios da oralidade, mas também como uma tentativa de defesa do sujeito em que o sofrimento encarnado no corpo se revela como uma apetência pela vida.
In the review of the psychoanalytic literature on anorexia nervosa we identified some recurring themes: social aspects, relationship with the mother (mother-daughter), demands and changes of adolescence, sexuality, metapsychological issues and body image. Considering that one of the criteria pointed by the DSM IV to characterize the symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa is the body image distortion, the initial goal of the project was to discuss the possibility of speaking not in distortion, but in the pursuit of an ideal of a perfect body conceived as “without any ounce of fat”, where no imperfection is tolerated. The problem was in trying to embody a perfect body, not according to a certain standard of beauty, but according to a concept of perfection incompatible with life. The methodology chosen was the observation of patients who were already receiving treatment in a therapy group in a service of day-hospital of the Programa de Atenção aos Transtornos Alimentares (PROATA), a program of the Psychiatry Department of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM). We faced the unforeseen that the group the institution could offer at the time for observation was a therapy group with patients diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa. If on one hand this change regarding the diagnosis of the group of patients that would be observed provided a loss of structure; on the other hand, the richness in the observed content was in the very fact that this observation was made without a theoretical reference that directed the listening and the observation. From the analysis of the speech observed in the group sessions, we could think the eating disorders of anorexia and bulimia not only as pathological ways of the subject to relate to food, but as bringing in to play, in the body, of the living difficulties which articulates social aspects, relationship towards the other and building of body image and metapsychological hypothesis. The body, in these disorders, imposes itself as an object of triumph or shame, because it is in it that will be inscribed the results of an incessant search for an ideal body image, or an ideal of completeness. The anorexic aims the perfect body, the “divine” body. And, opposing to this quest, there is the greed and lack of control of the bulimic behavior. Through the analysis of the theoretical reference about bulimia, the observations presented in the introduction about anorexia and the observed speeches of the patients, we observed aspects that allow us to think the eating disorders not only as disturbs of orality, but also as a defense attempt of the subject in which the suffering embodied in the body reveals itself as an appetite towards life.
In the review of the psychoanalytic literature on anorexia nervosa we identified some recurring themes: social aspects, relationship with the mother (mother-daughter), demands and changes of adolescence, sexuality, metapsychological issues and body image. Considering that one of the criteria pointed by the DSM IV to characterize the symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa is the body image distortion, the initial goal of the project was to discuss the possibility of speaking not in distortion, but in the pursuit of an ideal of a perfect body conceived as “without any ounce of fat”, where no imperfection is tolerated. The problem was in trying to embody a perfect body, not according to a certain standard of beauty, but according to a concept of perfection incompatible with life. The methodology chosen was the observation of patients who were already receiving treatment in a therapy group in a service of day-hospital of the Programa de Atenção aos Transtornos Alimentares (PROATA), a program of the Psychiatry Department of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM). We faced the unforeseen that the group the institution could offer at the time for observation was a therapy group with patients diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa. If on one hand this change regarding the diagnosis of the group of patients that would be observed provided a loss of structure; on the other hand, the richness in the observed content was in the very fact that this observation was made without a theoretical reference that directed the listening and the observation. From the analysis of the speech observed in the group sessions, we could think the eating disorders of anorexia and bulimia not only as pathological ways of the subject to relate to food, but as bringing in to play, in the body, of the living difficulties which articulates social aspects, relationship towards the other and building of body image and metapsychological hypothesis. The body, in these disorders, imposes itself as an object of triumph or shame, because it is in it that will be inscribed the results of an incessant search for an ideal body image, or an ideal of completeness. The anorexic aims the perfect body, the “divine” body. And, opposing to this quest, there is the greed and lack of control of the bulimic behavior. Through the analysis of the theoretical reference about bulimia, the observations presented in the introduction about anorexia and the observed speeches of the patients, we observed aspects that allow us to think the eating disorders not only as disturbs of orality, but also as a defense attempt of the subject in which the suffering embodied in the body reveals itself as an appetite towards life.
Descrição
Citação
OLIVEIRA, Akemi Nakasone Peel Furtado de. Anorexia e bulimia – o sofrimento encarnado no corpo. 2013. 88 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação (Psicologia) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2013.