Characterization of PVA/glutaraldehyde hydrogels obtained using Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD)
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2018
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Nogueira, Regina Freitas 
Magalhaes Junior, Octaviano
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Hydrogels are made from natural or synthetic polymers and, currently, they have many biomedical applications. In this work, the conditions for obtaining a hydrogel with similar physicochemical characteristics to the vitreous humor were defined using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glutaraldehyde (GLUT) as cross-linker. The concentration of PVA and GLUT were modified, and their effect was analyzed in terms of the refractive index, density, and dynamic viscosity. The hydrogel which was obtained using 3.98% (w/V) of PVA, 3.13 mL (1.57 g) of GLUT in 100 mL, and the initial pH of 7.2 showed similar characteristics to the vitreous humor (density= 1.0174 +/- 0.0050 g mL(-1), dynamic viscosity=3.7425 +/- 0.1800 mPa s and refractive index=1.3410 +/- 0.0010). The hydrogels were further investigated by rheological measurements, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and determination of swelling degree. The reticulation with GLUT promoted an increase in viscosity and glass transition temperature. On the other hand, it stimulated a decrease in the swelling degree, crystallinity, melting temperature, and intensity of the band related to the -OH bond, compared with the PVA without reticulation. The reticulated hydrogel displayed Newtonian behavior and a higher apparent viscosity than the PVA. (c) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1558-1566, 2018.
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Journal Of Biomedical Materials Research Part B-Applied Biomaterials. Hoboken, v. 106, n. 4, p. 1558-1566, 2018.