A representação da mulher atleta na mídia esportiva brasileira durante a cobertura dos jogos olímpicos de 2016
Arquivos
Data
2017-12-20
Autores
Moraes, Bruna Caroline Soares Lopes 
Orientadores
Oliveira, Rogério Cruz de
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Recentemente, as mulheres ganharam espaço e aumentaram sua visibilidade no mundo esportivo. Alguns estudos recentes mostraram que a mídia tem um papel importante na visibilidade de atletas do sexo feminino. Por outro lado, a mídia também é responsável por criar e manter estereótipos em relação aos papéis de gênero, e uma das maneiras pela qual a mídia esportiva incentiva a soberania patriarcal dentro do esporte é realçando a feminilidade e a heterossexualidade das atletas mulheres, o que subestima suas conquistas esportivas. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como as mulheres atletas foram representadas pela mídia eletrônica da Folha de São Paulo - uma das principais mídias de comunicação no Brasil - durante a cobertura dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016. Foi realizada uma análise documental do Caderno de Esportes da Folha de São Paulo em sua versão eletrônica e a coleta de dados abrangeu o período entre 3 e 22 de agosto de 2016. Foram excluídas reportagens que não se referiam aos esportes olímpicos, que não tinham como assunto principal as Olimpíadas, que abordassem somente o esporte masculino, que não continham os termos “mulher”, “atleta”, “feminina” e/ou “feminino” e, por fim, reportagens que continham apenas um conteúdo descritivo de jogos ou resultados. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo, a qual foi feita de forma não-apriorística. Ao todo, foram encontradas 449 reportagens, das quais 69 consistiram na amostra deste estudo. Nesse sentido, as 69 reportagens foram analisadas buscando abranger: a) As temáticas das reportagens e b) A maneira de tratamento à mulher atleta. Em relação às temáticas foram encontradas 11 categorias, já no que diz respeito ao tratamento dado à mulher atleta foram obtidas cinco categorias. No presente estudo, a maioria das reportagens incluídas tratou a mulher como uma atleta comum, tanto no que diz respeito às temáticas, quanto no que tange à maneira. No entanto, um número significativo de matérias teve como assunto abordado a aparência física da mulher atleta, a violência, o racismo e, além disso, mostraram também a mulher de forma estereotipada e/ou inferiorizada. Por se tratar de um período no qual aconteceu um dos principais eventos esportivos do mundo, as Olimpíadas, é possível que tenha ocorrido uma representação superestimada da mulher atleta e do esporte feminino quando comparado a períodos em que não há competições esportivas internacionais de grande importância. Portanto, foi possível compreender que a mulher foi tratada como atleta, sem distinção de gênero e que as temáticas preponderantes foram suas marcas e feitos e/ou sua história no esporte. Entretanto, também houve maneiras estereotipadas e inferiorizadas de representação da mulher nas reportagens, aliadas às temáticas de comparação de rendimento com o esporte do naipe masculino, com homens atletas e/ou à beleza física.
Lately, women have gained space and have increased their visibility within the sports world. Some recent studies have shown that the media have an important role in the visibility of female athletes. On the other hand, the media is also responsible for creating and maintaining stereotypes regarding gender roles, and one of the ways that sports media encourages patriarchal sovereignty within the sport is by highlighting the femininity and heterosexuality of female athletes, which undervalues their sporting achievements. The aim of this study was to comprehend how female athletes were represented by the online media of the newspaper Folha de São Paulo - one of the main communication media in Brazil - during the coverage of the 2016 Olympic Games. A documental analysis of the Folha de São Paulo newspaper (online version) was conducted. The data collection covered the period between August 3rd and 22nd 2016. Reports were excluded if they were not related to Olympic sports, did not have the Olympics as the main subject, did not have the terms “woman”, “athlete” and/or “female”, articles that concerned only men’s sports and reports that contained only descriptive content of games or results. Content analysis was used to examine the data and this was done in a non-aprioristic way. 449 reports were found of which 69 consisted of the study sample. Thereby, the 69 reports were analyzed seeking to cover: a) the themes of the reports and b) the way the female athlete was treated. In relation to the themes, 11 categories were found, regarding the treatment given to the female athlete five categories were obtained. In the present study, most of the reports included treated the woman as a common athlete, both in terms of themes and in relation to the way of treatment. A significant number of reports had the subject addressed the physical appearance of the female athlete, violence, racism and, in addition, also showed the woman in a stereotyped and/or inferiorized way. Because it was a period in which one of the main sports events in the world, the Olympics, happened, it is possible that there has been an overestimated representation of female athlete and women's sport when compared to periods when there are no major international sports competitions. Therefore, it was possible to understand that the woman was treated as a common athlete, without distinction of gender, and that the preponderant theme was her marks and/or her history within the sport. However, there were also stereotyped and inferiorized ways of representing the woman in the reports, allied to the themes of comparison of performance with the masculine sport, with male athletes and/or physical beauty
Lately, women have gained space and have increased their visibility within the sports world. Some recent studies have shown that the media have an important role in the visibility of female athletes. On the other hand, the media is also responsible for creating and maintaining stereotypes regarding gender roles, and one of the ways that sports media encourages patriarchal sovereignty within the sport is by highlighting the femininity and heterosexuality of female athletes, which undervalues their sporting achievements. The aim of this study was to comprehend how female athletes were represented by the online media of the newspaper Folha de São Paulo - one of the main communication media in Brazil - during the coverage of the 2016 Olympic Games. A documental analysis of the Folha de São Paulo newspaper (online version) was conducted. The data collection covered the period between August 3rd and 22nd 2016. Reports were excluded if they were not related to Olympic sports, did not have the Olympics as the main subject, did not have the terms “woman”, “athlete” and/or “female”, articles that concerned only men’s sports and reports that contained only descriptive content of games or results. Content analysis was used to examine the data and this was done in a non-aprioristic way. 449 reports were found of which 69 consisted of the study sample. Thereby, the 69 reports were analyzed seeking to cover: a) the themes of the reports and b) the way the female athlete was treated. In relation to the themes, 11 categories were found, regarding the treatment given to the female athlete five categories were obtained. In the present study, most of the reports included treated the woman as a common athlete, both in terms of themes and in relation to the way of treatment. A significant number of reports had the subject addressed the physical appearance of the female athlete, violence, racism and, in addition, also showed the woman in a stereotyped and/or inferiorized way. Because it was a period in which one of the main sports events in the world, the Olympics, happened, it is possible that there has been an overestimated representation of female athlete and women's sport when compared to periods when there are no major international sports competitions. Therefore, it was possible to understand that the woman was treated as a common athlete, without distinction of gender, and that the preponderant theme was her marks and/or her history within the sport. However, there were also stereotyped and inferiorized ways of representing the woman in the reports, allied to the themes of comparison of performance with the masculine sport, with male athletes and/or physical beauty
Descrição
Citação
MORAES, Bruna Caroline Soares Lopes. A representação da mulher atleta na mídia esportiva brasileira durante a cobertura dos jogos olímpicos de 2016. 2017. 30 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação (Educação Física) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2017.