Alterações de equilíbrio estático entre atletas com deficiência visual e atletas-guias no para-atletismo
Arquivos
Data
2014-12-10
Autores
Roversi, Lais Mendes 
Orientadores
Winckler, Ciro
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: O atletismo paralímpico, diferentemente do convencional, utiliza adaptações para que
os objetivos de cada prova possam ser cumpridos. Neste estudo foi trabalhado com as classes 11-13
do atletismo paralímpico, que abrange a deficiência visual (DV). A classe 11 é a única que
obrigatoriamente faz uso do atleta-guia (ATG), a classe 12 pode ou não utilizar e a classe 13 não
utiliza ATG. A DV é caracterizada por perdas parciais ou totais da visão. O equilíbrio (EQ) é
definido como uma combinação de ações musculares com o propósito de assumir e sustentar o
corpo sobre uma base e contra a gravidade. O EQ é composto por três sistemas, sendo que o sistema
visual é o que mais interfere na sua manutenção, sendo assim o EQ do atleta com DV tende a ser
menor do que o de uma pessoa com visão normal. Objetivo: Comparar o equilíbrio corporal
estático entre atletas com DV, entre ATG e intergrupos. Método: Os voluntários foram
competidores de atletismo paralímpico, nas modalidades de corridas, das classes 11-13 e seus
respectivos ATG. Foram selecionadas 23 avaliações, sendo 15 de diferentes atletas com DV e 8 de
diferentes ATG. O protocolo de avaliação foi o Teste de Estabilidade Postural, onde o sujeito
permanece em cima da balança tentando manter-se o mais estável possível, através de duas
tentativas de 20 segundos com cada pé, além do bipodal. Os testes estatísticos selecionados foram:
estatística descritiva, média das variáveis, correlação bivariada e teste não-paramétrico de
Wilcoxon. O software utilizado para análise estatística foi o SPSS 15.0 (SPSS, INC). Resultados:
A variável intergrupo que apresentou diferença significativa foi o escore ântero-posterior (AP)
(p<0,05). As outras variáveis não apresentaram diferença significativa. Nos quadrantes (Q) 1 e 3 os
ATG obtiveram maiores escores que os atletas com DV, enquanto no Q2 e Q4 os escores dos atletas
com DV foram maiores. No escore Q4, os atletas com DV obtiveram diferença significativa quando
relacionados com os escores AP, overall e left dos ATG, enquanto o escore Q3 dos atletas com DV
se relacionaram significativamente com o Q2 dos ATG. Nas variáveis intragrupos, a relação entre
Q1-Q2 dos atletas com DV foram significativas. Conclusão: Conclui-se que por menor que seja o
déficit de equilíbrio do atleta com DV, haverá uma interferência no EQ do ATG, podendo
desencadear alterações na prática esportiva, como em treinos e competições.
Introduction: Paralympic athletism, differently from its conventional form, uses adaptations so that the objectives of each game can be achieved. This study focused on classes 11-13 of paralympic athletism, which include visual impairment (VI). While class 11 is the only one which compulsorily makes use of a guide, class 12 may or may not make use of one and class 13 does not make use of one. VI is characterized by parcial or complete loss of vision. Balance (BA) is defined as a combination of muscular actions with the purpose of supporting the body on a base and against gravity. BA is composed of three systems, being that the visual system is the one which mostly interferes in its maintenance, so that the BA of an athlete with VI tends to be more fragile than that of a person with regular vision. Objective: Compare the static body balance among athletes with VI, among guides and intergroups. Method: Volunteers were former competitors in paralympic athletism, in the various modalities of race, from classes 11-13 along with their guides. Twentythree evaluations were selected, 15 of them being from different athletes with VI and 8 from different guides. The evaluation protocol was the Postural Stability test, in which the subject stands on a scale trying to keep still as much as possible, through two attempts of 20 seconds with each foot, as well as with both feet. The selected statistic tests were: descriptive statistics, average of the variables, bivariate correlation and Wilcoxon’s nonparametric test. The software that was used for statistical analysis was SPSS 15.0 (SPSS, INC). Results: The intergroup variable with significant difference was the anterior-posterior score (p<0,05). The other variables did not show significant difference. In quadrants (Qs) 1 and 3 the guides achieved higher scores than the athletes with VI, while in Qs 2 and 4 the athletes’ scores were higher. In the Q4 score, athletes showed significant difference when compared to AP, overall and left scores of the guides, while the Q3 score of the athletes relates significantly with the Q2 score of the guides. In the intragroup variables, the relation between Q1-Q2 of the athletes with VI was significant. Conclusion: It is possible to conclude that however small the deficit in balance might be in athletes with VI, guides will suffer an interference in their own balance which in turn may lead to changes in the sports practice, such as in trainings and competitions
Introduction: Paralympic athletism, differently from its conventional form, uses adaptations so that the objectives of each game can be achieved. This study focused on classes 11-13 of paralympic athletism, which include visual impairment (VI). While class 11 is the only one which compulsorily makes use of a guide, class 12 may or may not make use of one and class 13 does not make use of one. VI is characterized by parcial or complete loss of vision. Balance (BA) is defined as a combination of muscular actions with the purpose of supporting the body on a base and against gravity. BA is composed of three systems, being that the visual system is the one which mostly interferes in its maintenance, so that the BA of an athlete with VI tends to be more fragile than that of a person with regular vision. Objective: Compare the static body balance among athletes with VI, among guides and intergroups. Method: Volunteers were former competitors in paralympic athletism, in the various modalities of race, from classes 11-13 along with their guides. Twentythree evaluations were selected, 15 of them being from different athletes with VI and 8 from different guides. The evaluation protocol was the Postural Stability test, in which the subject stands on a scale trying to keep still as much as possible, through two attempts of 20 seconds with each foot, as well as with both feet. The selected statistic tests were: descriptive statistics, average of the variables, bivariate correlation and Wilcoxon’s nonparametric test. The software that was used for statistical analysis was SPSS 15.0 (SPSS, INC). Results: The intergroup variable with significant difference was the anterior-posterior score (p<0,05). The other variables did not show significant difference. In quadrants (Qs) 1 and 3 the guides achieved higher scores than the athletes with VI, while in Qs 2 and 4 the athletes’ scores were higher. In the Q4 score, athletes showed significant difference when compared to AP, overall and left scores of the guides, while the Q3 score of the athletes relates significantly with the Q2 score of the guides. In the intragroup variables, the relation between Q1-Q2 of the athletes with VI was significant. Conclusion: It is possible to conclude that however small the deficit in balance might be in athletes with VI, guides will suffer an interference in their own balance which in turn may lead to changes in the sports practice, such as in trainings and competitions
Descrição
Citação
ROVERSI, Lais Mendes. Alterações de equilíbrio estático entre atletas com deficiência visual e atletas-guias no para-atletismo. 2014. 31 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Educação Física) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2014.