Resultados de um programa de capacitação em doação de órgãos para transplantes por meio da simulação realística: impacto do treinamento nos indicadores do processo de doação de órgãos
Data
2014
Autores
Moura, Luciana Carvalho 
Orientadores
Roza, Bartira de Aguiar
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O aumento das doações de órgãos e tecidos para transplantes pode ser alcançado por meio da educação especializada nos profissionais envolvidos no processo doação-transplante. O número de doadores de órgãos no Brasil, ainda é insuficiente, sendo que um dos fatores que contribui é o baixo nível de conhecimento dos profissionais da saúde sobre este tema. Dessa forma, visando o aumento do número de doadores, o SNT, por meio de uma parceria público-privada, investiu na capacitação de diversos profissionais no país, por meio de um Programa de Capacitação em Doação de Órgãos para Transplantes. O objetivo, deste estudo foi analisar o impacto deste programa, nos indicadores do processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos, nos locais capacitados. Tal estudo adotou como método, uma análise quantitativa, transversal, retro e prospetiva, realizada no período de 2009 a 2013. Esta pesquisa envolveu dois tipos de unidades de análise: o profissional da área de saúde e hospital, sendo que os principais aspectos avaliados foram: aquisição de conhecimento dos profissionais, nível de reação e os indicadores do processo de doação (nº de notificações de morte encefálica, nº de entrevista familiar, nº de recusa familiar e nº de doação efetiva). Para a análise dos indicadores foram investigados os resultados de 12 meses antes e após o curso. Os resultados foram apresentados descritivamente e por meio de testes estatísticos, para avaliar significância. Como principais resultados encontramos que foram capacitados 2.213 profissionais, sendo a maioria enfermeiros (57%). Quanto à aprendizagem, na avaliação geral, houve melhora de 77,4% dos profissionais. Em 2011, observou-se em média um aumento significativo (p<0,001) de 2,61 (DP=2,29) questões corretas na segunda avaliação. Também se observaram associações entre aumento no conhecimento e formação (p=0,033), curso (p=0,001) e UF (p<0,001). Neste mesmo período, o valor das correlações de Pearson, para a taxa de conversão, foi de 0,87, apontando forte correlação entre a taxa de conversão e número de treinados. Quanto aos indicadores, todos apresentaram aumento médio após o curso. Na análise comparativa dos indicadores, antes e após o treinamento foi possível observar que houve diferença, estatisticamente significante, entre os momentos (pré e pós teste), em relação ao nº de entrevistas e ao nº de recusa familiar (p<0,05). Também foram observadas correlações negativas fortes entre o indicador de entrevistas e a variação média das notas dos profissionais (rS=0,738) e entre o indicador de recusas e a variação média das notas dos profissionais (rS=0,680). Conclusão: há melhora importante na aquisição de conhecimento evidenciando o aprendizado de novos conceitos durante o curso. Pode-se dizer que o curso atinge seu objetivo, pois há indicativos de reflexos nos indicadores do processo de doação, sendo constatado que quanto maior o número de profissionais capacitados, maior é a taxa de conversão nos hospitais e quanto maior a retenção de conhecimento após o curso, menor a taxa de recusa familiar, corroborando a hipótese deste estudo.
The increase donations of organs and tissues for transplantation can be achieved through specialized education professionals involved in the donation process. The number of organ donors in Brazil, it is still insufficient, and one of the contributing factors is the low level of knowledge of health professionals on this topic. Thus, in order to increase the number of donors, the SNT, through a public-private partnership, invested in training in professionals in all country, by Training Program on Organ Donation for Transplantation, by the methodology Simulation. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of this program on the performance of organ and tissue donation, trained in local process. Such study adopted as a method, a quantitative, retro and prospective analysis, from 2009 to 2013. This research involved two types of units of analysis: the professional healthcare and hospital, and the main aspects evaluated were: knowledge acquisition professionals, reaction level and indicators of the donation process (number of reports of brain death, number of family interview, number of refusal family and number of effective donation). For the analysis of the indicators were investigated the results of 12 months before and after the course. The results were presented descriptively and by means of statistical tests to evaluate significance. As main results we find that 2,213 professionals were trained, and most nurses (57%). As for learning the general assessment, improvement was in 77.4% of the professionals. In 2011, there was on average a significant increase (p <0.001) of 2.61 (SD = 2.29) correct questions in the second evaluation. Also associations between increased knowledge and training (p = 0.033), stroke (p = 0.001) and UF (p <0.001) were observed. In this same period, the value of the Pearson correlations for the conversion rate, was 0.87, indicating a strong correlation between the conversion rate and the number of trained. As for the indicators, all showed an average increase after training. In the comparative analysis of indicators before and after training was observed that there was a difference that was statistically significant, between times (pre and post test), compared to the number of interviews and the number of family refusal (p <0.05). There was a strong negative correlation between the index of interviews and the average range of scores of professionals (rs = 0.738) and between the indicator of refusals and the average range of scores of professionals (rs = 0.680) were also observed. In conclusion, there is an important improvement in the acquisition of knowledge emphasizing the learning of new concepts in the course. One can say that the course achieves its goal, since there are indications of reflections in indicators of the donation process, and found that the greater the number of trained, most professional is the conversion rate in hospitals and the greater the knowledge retention after the course, the lower the rate of family refusal, corroborating the hypothesis of this study.
The increase donations of organs and tissues for transplantation can be achieved through specialized education professionals involved in the donation process. The number of organ donors in Brazil, it is still insufficient, and one of the contributing factors is the low level of knowledge of health professionals on this topic. Thus, in order to increase the number of donors, the SNT, through a public-private partnership, invested in training in professionals in all country, by Training Program on Organ Donation for Transplantation, by the methodology Simulation. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of this program on the performance of organ and tissue donation, trained in local process. Such study adopted as a method, a quantitative, retro and prospective analysis, from 2009 to 2013. This research involved two types of units of analysis: the professional healthcare and hospital, and the main aspects evaluated were: knowledge acquisition professionals, reaction level and indicators of the donation process (number of reports of brain death, number of family interview, number of refusal family and number of effective donation). For the analysis of the indicators were investigated the results of 12 months before and after the course. The results were presented descriptively and by means of statistical tests to evaluate significance. As main results we find that 2,213 professionals were trained, and most nurses (57%). As for learning the general assessment, improvement was in 77.4% of the professionals. In 2011, there was on average a significant increase (p <0.001) of 2.61 (SD = 2.29) correct questions in the second evaluation. Also associations between increased knowledge and training (p = 0.033), stroke (p = 0.001) and UF (p <0.001) were observed. In this same period, the value of the Pearson correlations for the conversion rate, was 0.87, indicating a strong correlation between the conversion rate and the number of trained. As for the indicators, all showed an average increase after training. In the comparative analysis of indicators before and after training was observed that there was a difference that was statistically significant, between times (pre and post test), compared to the number of interviews and the number of family refusal (p <0.05). There was a strong negative correlation between the index of interviews and the average range of scores of professionals (rs = 0.738) and between the indicator of refusals and the average range of scores of professionals (rs = 0.680) were also observed. In conclusion, there is an important improvement in the acquisition of knowledge emphasizing the learning of new concepts in the course. One can say that the course achieves its goal, since there are indications of reflections in indicators of the donation process, and found that the greater the number of trained, most professional is the conversion rate in hospitals and the greater the knowledge retention after the course, the lower the rate of family refusal, corroborating the hypothesis of this study.
Descrição
Citação
MOURA, Luciana Carvalho. Resultados de um programa de capacitação em doação de órgãos para transplantes por meio da simulação realística: impacto do treinamento nos indicadores do processo de doação de órgãos. 2014. 143 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Enfermagem) - Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2014.