Estudo relacional entre retentor episódico e memória episódica no processo normal de senescência
Data
2007
Autores
Furutani de Oliveira, Mirian Akiko 
Orientadores
Bueno, Orlando Francisco Amodeo
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Segundo o IBGE, até o ano de 2000 existia cerca de 1,02% de brasileiros com mais de 65 anos. Estima-se que este percentual de idosos crescerá de 8,9% para 18,8% até o ano de 2025. Entre as principais queixas cognitivas associadas ao envelhecimento está o declínio da memória, especificamente a esquemas de memória de longo prazo do tipo episódica. O teste de recordação livre de palavras tem sido amplamente utilizado na avaliação da memória episódica. A inserção de palavras semanticamente relacionadas no meio da lista facilita a recordação das mesmas. Este efeito de facilitação semântica pode ser explicado sob a óptica de que há ativação da rede de semântica de conhecimento. Mecanismos associados à memória operacional parecem participar da retenção e posterior evocação das palavras associados ao teste de recordação livre. Entretanto, no que diz respeito ao envelhecimento normal a interação entre esses dois sistemas de memória (longo e operacional) ainda não está totalmente elucidado. Acredita-se que o retentor episódico, componente de memória operacional, seja o responsável por relacionar esses sistemas distintos de memória. A presente pesquisa associou tarefas de memória operacional com o teste de recordação livre de palavras com o objetivo de se observar a relação estabelecida entre esses distintos sistemas. Foram realizados três experimentos com amostra de 26 participantes idosos saudáveis entre 65 e 75 anos e 56 participantes jovens (quatorze homens e quarenta e duas mulheres) graduandos do curso de psicologia. O primeiro experimento demonstrou que as listas com e sem relacionamento semântico não diferiram entre si e que curiosamente nas listas com relacionamento semântico foram perdidos os efeitos de primazia e recência.O segundo experimento mostrou que a complexidade da tarefa executada após a apresentação das listas não influencia na recordação da mesma. O terceiro experimento mostrou que a ordem de evocação dos estímulos associada a complexidade da tarefa dificulta a recordação dos itens. Os experimentos com as amostras de jovens analisados em conjunto demonstraram que a recordação independe da eficiência no desempenho das tarefas de memória operacional. Por fim, segundo experimento analisado com o experimento 3 demonstrou que há melhor desempenho associando-se tarefas secundárias pelo grupo jovem, entretanto a maior recordação verificou-se somente após a tarefa VF.
According to IBGE, until the year 2000 about 1.02% of the Brazilian population were more than 65 years old. It is estimated that this elderly perceptual will increase from 8.9% to 18.8% until 2025. Among the main cognitive complaints associated with ageing is the decline of memory, especially the episodic long-term memory. The free recall test is widely used to assess episodic memory. The insertion of words semantically related in the middle of the list increase the recall of those words. This semantic facilitation effect can be explained in terms of an activation of a semantic network of knowledge. Mechanisms associated with the working memory seem to participate in the retention and posterior retrieval of words associated to free recall test. However, concerning normal ageing the interaction between long term and working memory remains unknown. It is assumed that the episodic buffer, a working memory component, is responsible for relating those distinct memory systems. The follow research relates working memory tasks with free recall test in order to study the relation between these two different memory systems. Three experiments were performed, 26 healthy elderly participants, aged between 65 and 75 and 56 young undergraduates of Psychology (14 men and 42 women). The first experiment demonstrated that lists with and without semantic relation had no difference among themselves. And curiously, in the lists with semantic words related the effects of primacy and recency were lost. The second experiment showed that the complexity of the task executed after the lists presentation did not influence the retrieval of the lists. The third experiment argued that the evocation order of the stimulus associated to the complexity of the executed task decreases the recall of the items. The young sample experiments analyzed ensemble showed that the recall does not depend on the efficiency of working memory tasks. Finally, the second experiment analyzed with the third experiment demonstrated that there is better performance by associating the secondary tasks for the young group; nonetheless the better recall was verified only after the visual phonological task.
According to IBGE, until the year 2000 about 1.02% of the Brazilian population were more than 65 years old. It is estimated that this elderly perceptual will increase from 8.9% to 18.8% until 2025. Among the main cognitive complaints associated with ageing is the decline of memory, especially the episodic long-term memory. The free recall test is widely used to assess episodic memory. The insertion of words semantically related in the middle of the list increase the recall of those words. This semantic facilitation effect can be explained in terms of an activation of a semantic network of knowledge. Mechanisms associated with the working memory seem to participate in the retention and posterior retrieval of words associated to free recall test. However, concerning normal ageing the interaction between long term and working memory remains unknown. It is assumed that the episodic buffer, a working memory component, is responsible for relating those distinct memory systems. The follow research relates working memory tasks with free recall test in order to study the relation between these two different memory systems. Three experiments were performed, 26 healthy elderly participants, aged between 65 and 75 and 56 young undergraduates of Psychology (14 men and 42 women). The first experiment demonstrated that lists with and without semantic relation had no difference among themselves. And curiously, in the lists with semantic words related the effects of primacy and recency were lost. The second experiment showed that the complexity of the task executed after the lists presentation did not influence the retrieval of the lists. The third experiment argued that the evocation order of the stimulus associated to the complexity of the executed task decreases the recall of the items. The young sample experiments analyzed ensemble showed that the recall does not depend on the efficiency of working memory tasks. Finally, the second experiment analyzed with the third experiment demonstrated that there is better performance by associating the secondary tasks for the young group; nonetheless the better recall was verified only after the visual phonological task.
Descrição
Citação
FURUTANI DE OLIVEIRA, Mirian Akiko. Estudo relacional entre retentor episódico e memória episódica no processo normal de senescência. 2007. 90 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2007.