Monitorização domiciliar para diagnóstico da síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono: estudo de acurácia
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2013-03-27
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Tese de doutorado
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INTRODUÇÃO: A Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) é prevalente e necessita exames complementares para o diagnóstico e avaliação da gravidade. A Monitorização Portátil do Sono pode ser realizada na casa do paciente e custa menos que a polissonografia convencional. OBJETIVO: Comparar a monitorização assistida no laboratório com a não assistida domiciliar utilizando o mesmo equipamento. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Quarenta pacientes com alta probabilidade de apresentarem SAOS foram submetidos a 02 monitorizações do sono em dias consecutivos com a seguinte montagem: 02 canais de eletroencefalografia (EEG), eletromiograma (EMG), eletro-oculograma (EOG), cânula nasal e esforço respiratório com cintas pletismográficas no tórax e abdome, posição corporal, frequência cardíaca e oximetria. Metade dos pacientes foi randomizada para começar na residência (exame não assistido) e a outra metade no laboratório (exame assistido), usando o equipamento Embletta X100® . As principais variáveis do sono, o IAH, a preferência pelo local de exame e os custos foram comparados. A análise dos exames foi realizada por observador cego ao procedimento. RESULTADOS: Dos 40 pacientes incluídos, em 06 pacientes houve perda dos dados. Dentre os 34 pacientes, 24 eram homens e 10 mulheres com idade média de 40,6 anos, IMC médio 28,02Kg/m2, Escala de Sonolência de Epworth média de 10,2. Catorze pacientes (09 homens e 05 mulheres) começaram o exame em casa e 20 no laboratório (15 homens e 05 mulheres). A eficiência do sono média foi 77,8% em casa e no laboratório 80,4%. A comparação quanto a distribuição das fases não demonstrou diferença significante. Para os eventos respiratórios, o Coeficiente de Correlação foi 0,89. Adotando-se o IAH com corte em 15 eventos/hora, observamos as seguintes proporções de concordância: 1) Com o IAH ≤ 15 eventos/hora: foram 20 em casa e 24 no laboratório; 2) Com IAH ≥ 15/hora, 12 em casa e 10 no laboratório. Quando não houve concordância, a diferença média no IAH foi de 11,5%. A sensibilidade e especificidade da monitorização domiciliar comparada à laboratorial foi 0,80 e 0,83 respectivamente. A saturação da oxi-hemoglobina não diferiu entre os grupos. O exame domiciliar foi a preferência de 90 % dos pacientes. A monitorização domiciliar teve custo 25,1% menor que a laboratorial. CONCLUSÃO: A monitorização portátil do sono assistida em laboratório, em pacientes com chance de apresentar SAOS, apresenta excelente correlação com a monitorização não assistida domiciliar. A alta sensibilidade e especificidade e o menor custo do exame domiciliar sugerem que a utilização deste procedimento seja útil na abordagem da SAOS, uma doença de alta prevalência e graves consequências à saúde.
Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is prevalent and require complementary testing for the diagnosis. Home Sleep Testing can be performed at patient’s home and it is less expensive than polisomnography. Objective: Comparing attended in the lab to unattended at home testing. Material and Method: Forty patients with high OSAS probability were selected. All the patients were submitted to 02 Portable Monitoring Testing with 02 EEG channels, EMG, EOG, nasal cannula, plethismography thorax and abdomen belts, position, pulse and oxygen saturation in consecutive dates: half of the sample have started at home (unattended) and the other half in the lab (attend) using Embletta X100. The main sleeping variables, AHI, preferred examination place as well as costs were compared. The sleep analysis was performed by a blinded observer. Results: 06 patients (15%) out of the 40 included have had data loss. We have analyzed 34 patients data: 24 men and 10 women (mean age 40.6 years old and the mean BMI 28.02, Epworth’s scale mean 10.2). Fourteen patients (09 men and 05 women) started at home and 20 in the lab (15 men and 05 women). The mean sleep efficiency at home was 77.8% and in the lab 80.4%. The difference on sleep distribution phases was not significant. For the AHI, the Correlation Coefficient ICC 0.89 CI 95% (0.782-0.941). Using the AHI cutoff 15/hour, we have detected: ≤ 15/hour: 20 home and 24 lab; ≥ 15/hour: 12 home, 10 lab. For non concordance, the mean AHI difference was 11.45%. The sensibility and specificity comparing home to lab monitoring was 0.80 and 0.83, respectively. No statistical difference was detected on the oxyhemoglobin saturation. The home testing preference was of 90%. We have found that the home sleep testing is 25.1% cheaper than the laboratory testing. Conclusion: We have concluded that Home Sleep Testing attended in the laboratory compared to unattended at home has an excellent correlation. The good sensibility and specificity as well as the low cost for the home testing suggest that this procedure is useful for OSAS approach, a highly prevalence disease with serious consequences for the health.
Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is prevalent and require complementary testing for the diagnosis. Home Sleep Testing can be performed at patient’s home and it is less expensive than polisomnography. Objective: Comparing attended in the lab to unattended at home testing. Material and Method: Forty patients with high OSAS probability were selected. All the patients were submitted to 02 Portable Monitoring Testing with 02 EEG channels, EMG, EOG, nasal cannula, plethismography thorax and abdomen belts, position, pulse and oxygen saturation in consecutive dates: half of the sample have started at home (unattended) and the other half in the lab (attend) using Embletta X100. The main sleeping variables, AHI, preferred examination place as well as costs were compared. The sleep analysis was performed by a blinded observer. Results: 06 patients (15%) out of the 40 included have had data loss. We have analyzed 34 patients data: 24 men and 10 women (mean age 40.6 years old and the mean BMI 28.02, Epworth’s scale mean 10.2). Fourteen patients (09 men and 05 women) started at home and 20 in the lab (15 men and 05 women). The mean sleep efficiency at home was 77.8% and in the lab 80.4%. The difference on sleep distribution phases was not significant. For the AHI, the Correlation Coefficient ICC 0.89 CI 95% (0.782-0.941). Using the AHI cutoff 15/hour, we have detected: ≤ 15/hour: 20 home and 24 lab; ≥ 15/hour: 12 home, 10 lab. For non concordance, the mean AHI difference was 11.45%. The sensibility and specificity comparing home to lab monitoring was 0.80 and 0.83, respectively. No statistical difference was detected on the oxyhemoglobin saturation. The home testing preference was of 90%. We have found that the home sleep testing is 25.1% cheaper than the laboratory testing. Conclusion: We have concluded that Home Sleep Testing attended in the laboratory compared to unattended at home has an excellent correlation. The good sensibility and specificity as well as the low cost for the home testing suggest that this procedure is useful for OSAS approach, a highly prevalence disease with serious consequences for the health.
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Citação
ZANCANELLA, Edilson. Monitorização domiciliar para diagnóstico da síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono: estudo de acurácia. São Paulo, 2013. 98f. Tese (Doutorado em Medicina Translacional) – Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2013.