Análise proteômica dos efeitos do treinamento físico resistido de alta intensidade sobre o tecido cardíaco dos ratos
Data
2013-06-26
Autores
Dantas, Patricia Sousa 
Orientadores
Cunha, Tatiana de Sousa da
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O exercício físico, como já bem estabelecido, promove adaptações que contribuem para a melhora das funções fisiológicas, principalmente em relação ao sistema cardiovascular. No entanto, sabe-se também que quando o treinamento físico é mal prescrito muitos problemas podem ser desencadeados, desde lesões agudas a efeitos mais sérios irreversíveis, como a morte súbita. Com o objetivo de avaliar a modulação de um protocolo de treinamento físico resistido de alta intensidade sobre a expressão das proteínas do tecido cardíaco, ratos Wistar machos foram aleatoriamente divididos em 2 grupos experimentais: Treinado (T) e Sedentário (S). Os animais do grupo T foram submetidos a um protocolo de treinamento de salto em meio líquido, durante 6 semanas. Após esse período, os animais foram sacrificados e tiveram seus corações isolados para posterior análise proteômica através de UPLC-MSE. Na análise proteômica do tecido cardíaco, foram detectadas 187 proteínas, e destas, 132 foram identificadas, sendo que 52 proteínas estavam expressas exclusivamente no grupo T e 8 no grupo S. Na análise quantitativa entre os grupos T e S, foram identificadas 58 proteínas superexpressas e 14 proteínas subexpressas. Com a utilização do Gene Ontology identificamos os processos biológicos nos quais as proteínas estavam envolvidas, a saber: 1) Observou-se importante modulação do treinamento físico sobre as proteínas relacionadas ao metabolismo cardíaco, com tendência à diminuição daquelas relacionadas ao metabolismo de ácidos graxos e consequente aumento daquelas ligadas ao
metabolismo glicolítico; 2) Grande expressão de proteínas envolvidas na degradação das espécies
reativas de oxigênio; 3) Expressão de proteínas relacionadas a processos de apoptose e 4)
Expressão de proteínas heat shocks, como a HSPB6 (ou HSP20), relacionada a mecanismos de
proteção contra injúria tecidual cardíaca. Estes resultados corroboram com dados anteriores do
nosso grupo de pesquisa, onde foi observado que o protocolo de treinamento em questão promoveu uma hipertrofia cardíaca importante; houve um aumento na razão peso do coração/peso corporal (índice utilizado para avaliação de hipertrofia cardíaca). Estes dados em conjunto indicam que o modelo de treinamento físico utilizado promove adaptações prejudiciais ao tecido cardíaco e mostram pela primeira vez, a importante modulação exercida pelo estímulo (treinamento) sobre proteínas específicas do tecido. A identificação destas proteínas e vias envolvidas pode auxiliar na compreensão dos mecanismos relacionados ao desenvolvimento da hipertrofia cardíaca patológica e morte súbita entre atletas.
Physical exercise, as has been shown, promotes adaptations that contribute to improvement of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular level. However, it is also known that when physical training is poorly prescribed many problems can be triggered from acute injury more serious irreversible effects such as sudden death. Aiming to evaluate the modulation of a resistance exercise training protocol of high intensity on the expression of proteins of the cardiac tissue, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: Trained (T) and Sedentary (S). The animals of group T underwent a training protocol jumping into the water for 6 weeks. After this period, the animals were sacrificed and their hearts were isolated for further proteomic analysis by UPLC-MSE. After proteomic analysis of heart tissue, 187 proteins were detected, and of these, 132 were identified. The analysis showed that 52 protein were expressed exclusively in the group T and 8 in group S. The quantitative analysis of T and S groups identified 58 proteins up-regulated and 14 down-regulated. Using the Gene Ontology we identified the biological processes in which proteins were involved, namely: 1) There was significant modulation of exercise training on cardiac metabolism related proteins, with decreasing tendency of proteins related to fatty acid metabolism and consequent increase those linked to glycolytic metabolism, 2) Large expression of proteins involved in the degradation of reactive oxygen species, 3) Expression of proteins related to apoptosis processes and 4) Expression of some heat shocks proteins, as HSPB6 (or HSP20) related to the mechanisms of protection against cardiac tissue injury. These results corroborate previous data from our research group, where it was observed that the training protocol in question promoted a significant cardiac hypertrophy, an increase in the ratio of heart weight / body weight (index used to evaluate cardiac hypertrophy). These findings together suggest that the model used for physical training promotes adaptations damaging cardiac tissue and show for the first time, the significant modulation induced by the stimulus (training) on tissue-specific proteins. The identification of these proteins and pathways involved may help to understand the mechanisms related to the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and sudden death among athletes.
Physical exercise, as has been shown, promotes adaptations that contribute to improvement of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular level. However, it is also known that when physical training is poorly prescribed many problems can be triggered from acute injury more serious irreversible effects such as sudden death. Aiming to evaluate the modulation of a resistance exercise training protocol of high intensity on the expression of proteins of the cardiac tissue, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: Trained (T) and Sedentary (S). The animals of group T underwent a training protocol jumping into the water for 6 weeks. After this period, the animals were sacrificed and their hearts were isolated for further proteomic analysis by UPLC-MSE. After proteomic analysis of heart tissue, 187 proteins were detected, and of these, 132 were identified. The analysis showed that 52 protein were expressed exclusively in the group T and 8 in group S. The quantitative analysis of T and S groups identified 58 proteins up-regulated and 14 down-regulated. Using the Gene Ontology we identified the biological processes in which proteins were involved, namely: 1) There was significant modulation of exercise training on cardiac metabolism related proteins, with decreasing tendency of proteins related to fatty acid metabolism and consequent increase those linked to glycolytic metabolism, 2) Large expression of proteins involved in the degradation of reactive oxygen species, 3) Expression of proteins related to apoptosis processes and 4) Expression of some heat shocks proteins, as HSPB6 (or HSP20) related to the mechanisms of protection against cardiac tissue injury. These results corroborate previous data from our research group, where it was observed that the training protocol in question promoted a significant cardiac hypertrophy, an increase in the ratio of heart weight / body weight (index used to evaluate cardiac hypertrophy). These findings together suggest that the model used for physical training promotes adaptations damaging cardiac tissue and show for the first time, the significant modulation induced by the stimulus (training) on tissue-specific proteins. The identification of these proteins and pathways involved may help to understand the mechanisms related to the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and sudden death among athletes.
Descrição
Citação
DANTAS, Patricia Sousa. Análise proteômica dos efeitos do treinamento físico resistido de alta intensidade sobre o tecido cardíaco dos ratos. São Paulo, 2013. 107 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Medicina Translacional) – Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2013.