Intervenção nutricional e educacional em pré-escolar: projeto Rio Claro - São Paulo
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Arquivos
Data
1987
Autores
Fisberg, Mauro [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Lopez, Fábio Ancona [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Tese de doutorado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Resumo
Estabeleceu-se um programa multidisciplinar de intervenção educacional e nutricional dirigido a pré-escolares da cidade de Rio Claro (São Paulo), visando a prevenção e recuperação
de desnutridos, utilizando recursos da própria comunidade, sem a
necessidade de dotações extraordinárias (Projeto Rio Claro).
Uma equipe formada por médicos pediatras, assistentes sociais e auxiliares de saúde, coordenados por um pediatra, utilizou nove pré-escolas municipais como base para o funcionamento de um projeto inter -institucional, estabelecendo a escola como centro de saúde auxiliar. O projeto Rio Claro atingiu 2.700 crianças de 3 a 6 anos de escolas centrais e periféricas da cidade, sendo que 1.821
foram analisadas no decorrer de um período letivo, durante o ano
de 1983. A intervenção nutricional constou de um reforço da me
renda escolar por meio de alimentos pré-preparados, da administração federal e estadual, alimentos das hortas escolares e municipal, além de genéros ofertados pela comunidade. Uma nutricionista coordenou estagiárias de nutrição na reorganização das condições de alimentação dos escolares através da racionalização de cardápios, estoques, preparo e treinamento dos responsáveis pelos alimentos. Atingiu-se com isto a elevação da ingestão média "per capita" de 5 para 35% das necessidades diárias em calorias. A intervenção educacional consistiu de um programa de prevenção e recuperação de desnutridos, em que as crianças em risco ou afetadas pela desnutrição eram avaliadas na pré-escola,
acompanhadas por seus responsáveis, por médicos, nutricionistas
e assistentes sociais. Um programa de educação intensivo em sa6
de e nutrição era desenvolvido pela equipe aos pais e crianças
da pré-escola, por meio de palestras, discussões e teatralizagao.
Paralelamente um programa de treinamento reciproco foi estabele
cido entre os integrantes do projeto, com a participação de pro
fessoras, diretoras, psicólogas e odontólogos, com posterior
tensão à comunidade.
ex
Para analise do projeto estabeleceram-se avaliações do
nível sócio-econômico e antropometria das crianças ao principio
e final do programa. Verificou-se que apesar da piora da estado
social da população no decorrer do programa (indices sociais ren
da independentes de GRAFFAR), não houve aumento da incidência
de desnutridos. Em relação a prevalência, verificou-se que os des
nutridos evoluiram favoravelmente, avaliados por Indices antropo
métricos que permitem a detecção precoce de mudanças, como a va
riagao dos canais de percentil (peso para idade).
Concluiu-se que a implantação de um amplo projeto mul
tidisciplinar a baixos custos, é extremamente viável, com a par
ticipagao da comunidade e o interêsse dos responsáveis adminis
trativos pela população-alvo.
A multidisciplinary program has been carried out by means of an educational and nutritional intervention for preschool students of Rio Claro City (São Paulo), aiming at the prevention and recuperation of under -nourished children by utilizing the community own resources with no need of extra provisions (Rio Claro Project). A team consisting of pediatrists, social assistants and health service helpers, coordinated by a pediatrist, working with 9 (nine) municipal pre-schools as a has been base for an inter -institutional project which establishes the school as the true center for health support. The Rio Claro Project reached 2.700 children ranging from 3 to 6 years of age of the central and peripherical school around the town, being 1.821 of them analysed during the school period in 1983. The educational intervention comprised inforced school meals by means of previously prepared food received from federal and state government administration, food from the municipal school vegetable gardens, besides food provisions donated by the community. A nutritionist coordinated a group of nutrition trainees for the reorganization of the students feeding through the rationalization of the menus, stocks, preparation and training of the people in charge of the provisions keeping. With these measures it was attained an average per capita of 5 to 35% of daily ingestion of necessary calories. The educational intervention performed a preventive and recuperative under -fed children program, where children with exposure to or affected by under -nourishment, escorted by their parents, were evaluated during the pre-school period by physicians, nutritionists and social assistants. Mn intensive educational program on health and suitable nutriticn was developed by the group towards the parents of the pre-school children through conferences, discussions and dramatization. Parallely, a reciprocal training program was set up among the people involved in the project, with participation of teachers, principals, psychiatrists and odontologists, with extension to the community. For an analysis of the project, the social-economical standards were evaluated and children antropometry was carried out from the start up to the end of the project. It was ascertained that, though social conditions of the people had worsened during the program (social indexes, income, and GRAFFAR) there Was no increase of incidence of under -nourished children. With respect to prevalence, it was found out that the under -nourished children had developed favorably in accordance with anthropometry parameters evaluation carried out, which enables aprecocious detection of physical changes, as variation of growing up rates (weight according with age). The conclusion was that the implantation of an ample multidisciplinary project at low costs is extremely feasible with the participation of the whole community and full interest of the administrators responsible for the focused-population.
A multidisciplinary program has been carried out by means of an educational and nutritional intervention for preschool students of Rio Claro City (São Paulo), aiming at the prevention and recuperation of under -nourished children by utilizing the community own resources with no need of extra provisions (Rio Claro Project). A team consisting of pediatrists, social assistants and health service helpers, coordinated by a pediatrist, working with 9 (nine) municipal pre-schools as a has been base for an inter -institutional project which establishes the school as the true center for health support. The Rio Claro Project reached 2.700 children ranging from 3 to 6 years of age of the central and peripherical school around the town, being 1.821 of them analysed during the school period in 1983. The educational intervention comprised inforced school meals by means of previously prepared food received from federal and state government administration, food from the municipal school vegetable gardens, besides food provisions donated by the community. A nutritionist coordinated a group of nutrition trainees for the reorganization of the students feeding through the rationalization of the menus, stocks, preparation and training of the people in charge of the provisions keeping. With these measures it was attained an average per capita of 5 to 35% of daily ingestion of necessary calories. The educational intervention performed a preventive and recuperative under -fed children program, where children with exposure to or affected by under -nourishment, escorted by their parents, were evaluated during the pre-school period by physicians, nutritionists and social assistants. Mn intensive educational program on health and suitable nutriticn was developed by the group towards the parents of the pre-school children through conferences, discussions and dramatization. Parallely, a reciprocal training program was set up among the people involved in the project, with participation of teachers, principals, psychiatrists and odontologists, with extension to the community. For an analysis of the project, the social-economical standards were evaluated and children antropometry was carried out from the start up to the end of the project. It was ascertained that, though social conditions of the people had worsened during the program (social indexes, income, and GRAFFAR) there Was no increase of incidence of under -nourished children. With respect to prevalence, it was found out that the under -nourished children had developed favorably in accordance with anthropometry parameters evaluation carried out, which enables aprecocious detection of physical changes, as variation of growing up rates (weight according with age). The conclusion was that the implantation of an ample multidisciplinary project at low costs is extremely feasible with the participation of the whole community and full interest of the administrators responsible for the focused-population.
Descrição
Citação
FISBERG, Mauro. Intervenção nutricional e educacional em pré-escolar: projeto Rio Claro - São Paulo. 1987. 216 f. Tese (Doutorado) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo, 1987.