Navegando por Palavras-chave "psychological stress"

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    Acute stressor-selective effect on total plasma homocysteine concentration in rats
    (Elsevier B.V., 2004-02-01) Oliveira, A. C. de; Suchecki, D.; Cohen, S.; D'Almeida, V; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Stress produces several physiological and behavioral alterations that increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of studies that have evaluated the effects of stress on total plasma homocysteine, an important amino acid associated with cardiovascular disease. We used four distinct acute stressors in rats, i.e., swimming, restrain, novelty and cold exposure, in order to examine whether any acute effect on total plasma homocysteine concentrations would occur. Plasma corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations were also measured to demonstrate the ability of the chosen manipulations to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Three of the four stressors activated the HPA axis and only restrain affected total plasma homocysteine concentrations ( +37%, P=.006) compared with the control group. the complexity of the physiological responses to stress, the peculiarities of stress responses and the intricate regulatory systems involved in homocysteine metabolism must be taken into account in order to clarify the increasing effect of restrain (mainly a psychological stressor) on total plasma homocysteine concentrations in rats and to evaluate its meaning in human pathology. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Acute stressor-selective effects on homocysteine metabolism and oxidative stress parameters in female rats
    (Elsevier B.V., 2006-10-01) Souza, Femanda G. de; Rodrigues, Mayra D. B.; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Nobrega, Jose N.; D'Almeida, Vania; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth
    Homocysteine levels are affected by diet factors such as vitamin deficiencies, non-diet factors such as genetic disorders, and stress exposure. Hyperhomocysteinemia has been implicated in several disorders, including cardiovascular disease, depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Since sex differences play a role both in stress responses and in susceptibility to various diseases, the objective of this study was to evaluate possible alterations in homocysteine metabolism including cysteine, folate, and vitamin 136, and oxidative stress markers in female rats exposed to different types of acute stress. Female rats were randomly distributed into eight groups according to stress manipulation (restraint, swimming, cold and control) and estrous cycle (diestrus and estrus). in general no significant differences were seen between rats in estrus and diestrus. Restraint stress was the only type of stress that altered homocysteine concentrations (+33% relative to controls). An increase in levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and a decrease in total glutathione (GSHt) concentration were also observed in animals subjected to restraint and swimming stress, suggesting the possibility of oxidative damage. Thus, both the homocysteine results and the oxidative stress data indicated that restraint stress was the most powerful stress manipulation in female rats, as previously observed in male rats.These findings indicate that hormonal and gonadal differences do not interfere with stress responses related to homocysteine metabolism and suggest that putative gender-related differences in homocysteine responses are probably not involved in the differential prevalence of some diseases in human males and females. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Associação entre ansiedade, estresse e depressão com variáveis sociodemográfica e clínica em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca atendidos ambulatorialmente
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-11-29) Cirelli, Melissa Alves [UNIFESP]; Barros, Alba Lucia Bottura Leite de Barros [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil and all over the world, thereby constituting a severe public health problem. Various studies highlight the relevance of the relationship of the psychic changes with the increase in the incidence and progression of CVD, where one of them is heart failure (HF). The identification of psychic changes in patients with HF should be investigated with the purpose of characterizing these patients for the accomplishment of effective interventions that influence the reduction of hospitalizations and improve the quality of life. Objective: To analyze the level of stress and anxiety, as well as depression symptoms, in individuals with HF treated in outpatient clinics. To describe the sociodemographic and clinical profile of individuals with HF treated in outpatient clinics. To check the correlation among the stress, anxiety and depression scales and if there is an association of the sociodemographic and clinical variables with the level of stress and anxiety, or even with the depression symptoms. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, which was held between April 2014 and August 2015 at the Outpatient Clinic for Cardiomyopathies of the São Paulo Hospital, totaling 309 patients. The sample was calculated by the statistics of Z-test, based on three main study questionnaires: Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and Perceived Stress Scale. Data collection took place by means of these validated questionnaires, which were self-administered in a single day before the medical consultation. In order to collect the sociodemographic and clinical variables, we used an instrument employed in research for patients with coronary failure, and this instrument was adapted by the researchers for patients with HF. Results: There was a predominance of males, whites and Catholics, with family income from one to three minimum wages and with four to seven years of schooling. The sample revealed the following average scales: 16.14 for stress, 8.57 for anxiety and 10.87 for depression. The correlations between the stress and depression scales (0.49) and the stress and anxiety scales (0.47) were moderate, and the correlation between anxiety and depression ranged from moderate to high (0.63). We observed that stress was related to gender (p<0.012), ethnicity (p<0), housing type (p<0.035); religion (p<0); family income (p<0); Functional Class (FC) 2 (p<0.027), former alcoholic (p<0.034), former smoker (p<0.01) and obesity III (p<0.041). Anxiety was associated with gender (p<0.002), ethnicity (p<0); housing type (p<0.024); religion (p<0); family income (p<0.013); occupation (p<0.002); FC2 (p<0), Chagas? disease (p<0.002) and Chagas? cardiomyopathy (p<0.036). Moreover, depression was associated with ethnicity (p<0); housing type (p<0); religion (p<0); family income (p<0.007); occupation (p<0.046); FC2 (p<0.001), Chagas? disease (p<0.01) and Peripartum cardiomyopathy (p<0.021). Conclusion: The levels of anxiety, stress, and depression in patients with FC I and II who are treated in outpatient clinics are low. The scales show positive correlations with each other, but the anxiety and depression scales showed a correlation ranging from moderate to high. The family income less than one MW was related to anxiety, stress and depression, the female gender with anxiety and stress, FC II was related to stress and depression. Medical records of Chagas? disease and being out of work or away were factors related to anxiety and depression.
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    Mindfulness may both moderate and mediate the effect of physical fitness on cardiovascular responses to stress: a speculative hypothesis
    (Frontiers Research Foundation, 2014-03-25) Demarzo, Marcelo Marcos Piva [UNIFESP]; Montero-Marin, Jesus; Stein, Phyllis K.; Cebolla, Ausias; Provinciale, Jaime G.; Garcia-Campayo, Javier; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Zaragoza; Washington Univ; Univ Jaume 1; Ctr Invest Biomed Red Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr; Univ Politecn Valencia
    The psychological construct of mindfulness refers to an awareness that emerges by intentionally paying attention to the present experience in a non-judgmental or evaluative way. This particular quality of awareness has been associated to several indicators of physical and psychological health, and can be developed using mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), and therefore MBIs have been successfully applied as preventive and complementary interventions and therapies in medicine and psychology. Together with quiet sitting and lying meditation practices, mindful physical exercises such as mindful walking and mindful movement are key elements in MBIs and couple muscular activity with an internally directed focus, improving interoceptive attention to bodily sensations. in addition, MBIs seem to share similar mechanisms with physical fitness (PF) by which they may influence cardiovascular responses to stress. Based on these facts, it is feasible to raise the question of whether physical training itself may induce the development of that particular quality of awareness associated with mindfulness, or if one's dispositional mindfulness (DM) (the tendency to be more mindful in daily life) could moderate the effects of exercise on cardiovascular response to stress. the role of mindfulness as a mediator or moderator of the effect of exercise training on cardiovascular responses to stress has barely been studied. in this study, we have hypothesized pathways (moderation and mediation) by which mindfulness could significantly influence the effects of PF on cardiovascular responses to stress and discussed potential practical ways to test these hypotheses.
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    Qualidade de vida de cuidadores de indivíduos em um primeiro episódio psicótico
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-11-28) Jorge, Rita de Cassia Ferreira de Araujo [UNIFESP]; Chaves, Ana Cristina Chaves [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The first psychotic episode psychosis is a critical period of great suffering for the affected individuals and their caregivers. With the community-based treatment implementation worldwide, families have been the primary caregivers, taking responsibility for addressing the needs the care recipient. Quality of life among these caregivers is low in various countries and different socio-cultural systems. Quality of life is related to a person?s perceptions of their position in life, within their own cultural context, system of values, goals, expectations, standards and concerns. Understanding the impact of caring for patients with first episode psychosis means recognizing that the caregiver needs care. Such a view will be instrumental in developing future personalized interventions that will benefit the actors of this care. To our knowledge, the present is the first Brazilian study on quality of life of caregivers of individuals experiencing a first psychotic episode. Objectives: (1) Brazilian Portuguese translation and validation of the Experience Caregiving Inventory; and (2) Evaluation of the Quality of Life predictors of primary caregivers of individuals with first episodic psychosis. Two papers have been developed for the preparation of this thesis. Methods: Longitudinal study with eighty individuals experiencing first episodic psychosis and their primary caregivers, consecutively recruited from the First Episodic Psychosis Outpatient Service of the Federal University of São Paulo / UNIFESP, and followed over a year. These caregivers were directly involved in the management of patients, not paid to provide care, over eighteen years of age, and submitted to sociodemographic and economic surveys, Short-Form 36, Self-Report Questionnaire-20 and Experience of Caring Inventory at time zero and 1 year. To meet the first objective, the process of translation / adaptation of the scale followed the recommendations for semantic, idiomatic, experimental and conceptual equivalences by using backtranslation, review committee, evaluation by a committee of judges, pre-testing techniques and review of weight / value of the scores. Regarding the second objective of this study, we tested the impact of the Self-Report Questionnaire-20 and the Experience of Caring Inventory on caregiver quality of life. The first step was to determine how the variables interrelated through a bivariate correlation (sum of "Yes" of the Self Report Questionnaire-20, Experience of caring Inventory, and positive and negative scores and domains of the Short Form-36). Spearman correlation was used for non-normal distributions between variables, or Pearson's correlation when the variables showed normal distribution. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the normality of distribution. Next, we extracted a single quality of life variable through principal component analysis, a statistical technique used to reduce data, thereby decreasing the complexity of the interrelations between the 8 domains of the Short Form-36 to a relatively small number of combinations. The resulting component, called "Essential Quality of Life " was used as a result of linear regression models: one with non-adjusted covariates (each covariate individually calculated) and the other with the adjusted covariate (regression of all predictors together to the extracted component of quality of life as a result). Results: (1) We obtained good internal consistency and a reliable version of the Experience of Caring Inventory. (2) The strongest predictor of caregivers? low quality of life at one-year follow-up was the high score of the Self-Report Questionnaire 20 at time zero, with worse mental health related to lower quality of life. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the Experience of Caring Experience Inventory is a valid tool to describe the experience of caring for a family member with severe mental illness in our culture, the main advantage of this scale is that it assesses the positive and negative aspects of care. Our study supports the idea that the well-being of individuals caring for and living with a family member with first psychotic episode is affected right at the onset of the disease and that their mental health is predictor of their quality of life.