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- ItemSomente MetadadadosAssociação entre variáveis sociodemográficas, clinicas e neuropsicológicas com resposta ao tratamento farmacológico em pacientes com transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH)(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-06-30) Rodrigues, Raphael Suwwan [UNIFESP]; Rosario, Maria Conceicao Do Rosario [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with a significant negative impact on the lives of patients and their families. Drug treatment with methylphenidate (MPH), while reducing the losses associated with the disorder, it is not universally effective. The main objective of this study is to investigate associations between clinical, neuropsychological and sociodemographic factors with response to methylphenidate treatment in children and adolescents with ADHD after 25 weeks of intervention. 40 patients between age 6-18 were evaluated in the ADHD Unit of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (UPIA), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP). Significant associations were found between the number, severity of ADHD symptoms and performance on tasks of visuospatial working memory and response to treatment.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Memória Operacional: Modulação pelos processos circadiano e homeostático da regulação sono-vigília(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-04-30) Ginani, Giuliano Emerenciano [UNIFESP]; Pompeia, Sabine [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The multicomponent model of working memory (MCMWM) proposes a quadripartite system that includes temporary maintenance (visual, spatial and phonological) and manipulation of information (executive functions). It has not been established whether and to what extent the circadian and homeostatic oscillations influence the performance on different subsystems of MCMWM, despite clear evidence of these effects in other cognitive processes. Here we investigate, during 36 hours of continuous wakefulness (from 08:00 to 20:00 the next day), circadian and sleep pressure effects on performance in representative tests of the different subsystems of MCMWM, including measures of working memory capacity (WMC) and executive updating, switching and inhibition . We also evaluate how these subsystems are related to changes in alertness / vigilance, mood, metacognition and intensity identification of six types of facial expressions. Participants were 21 healthy young men with indifferent chronotype. The only MCMWM measures that showed no circadian rhythmicity were the spatial storage and executive shifting. All others exhibited specific rhythms that were not parallel to alert / vigilance / sleepiness except for the visual and phonological storage (maximum 20:00 to 21:00 h; minimum 04:00 to 5:00 h). Only executive inhibition and WMC measures were sensitive to sleep pressure with the worst performance in the morning after the night of extended wakefulness, differing, thus, from the effects of alert / vigilance / sleepiness which became evident during the previous night. Contrary to measure negative affect, subjective ratings of positive affect and attention showed circadian rhythmicity (maximum 09:00 to 10:00 h; minimum 02:00 to 03:00 h) and decreased with increasing time awake, even before night of extended vigilance. This pattern of results were not associated to the MCMWM subsystems and alert / objective attention. Only the identification of disgust faces were affected by extended wakefulness. Reports of cognitive effort involved in tasks not explain the patterns of circadian rhythms, nor the patterns of impairment induced by extended wakefulness. Overall, we found that most of the MCMWM subsystems, WMC and executive domains exhibit circadian rhythmicity, that few are susceptible to extended wakefulness and that these patterns are not similar to the effects of changes in alert / vigilance / sleepiness or subjective evaluations of mood. These results can serve as a guide for selecting appropriate time to assess the MCMWM and has implications for situations that extended wakefulness is involved, such as academic performance, and shift work.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)O papel do hipocampo na memória operacional em pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal mesial após corticoamigdalohipocampectomia(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-05-28) Tudesco, Ivanda de Souza Silva [UNIFESP]; Bueno, Orlando Francisco Amodeo Bueno [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Previous studies suggest that, in addition to being a critical structure for formation and retrieval of episodic memory, the hippocampus, also contributes to the functioning of the working memory. To investigate this subject, the present study researched the performance in several tasks in working memory considering the multiple-components model of Baddeley and Hitch (1974) and Baddeley (2000) in tasks that require intense participation of the episodic buffer (working memory capacity tasks: operation wordspan, counting span and Brown-Peterson), phonological loop (digit span), visuospatial sketchpad (Corsi block-tapping task) and the central executive (Random Number Generation) in patients with unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) post-surgery to control seizures – left or right corticoamygdalohippocampectomy (L-CAH or R-CAH). Episodic memory was assessed through tests of logical memory, verbal paired associates, Rey complex figure and visual reproduction; to measure verbal fluency phonological (FAS) and semantic (Animals category) were used. We studied 60 individuals: 20 patients underwent L-CAH, R-CAH and and 20 healthy subjects to the control group were matched. The results showed that patients with MTLE-HS after L-CAH and R-CAHD had impairment in verbal and non-verbal episodic memory as well as in phonological fluency as expected. As for working memory and its subcomponents, patients that underwent L-CAH demonstrated impairment only to operation word-span, but not in other tasks as counting-span and Brown-Peterson. On the task that requires the central executive, patients in both groups showed consistent performance similar to the control group. It is suggested that only the left hippocampus, after resection, affects the capacity of working memory when the amount of verbal material to be held temporarily exceed the capacity of the short-term memory. However, this impairment is independent of the severe episodic memory deficit observed in these patients.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Performance of university students on random number generation at different rates to evaluate executive functions(Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2004-03-01) Hamdan, Amer C.; Souza, Juberty A. de; Bueno, Orlando Francisco Amodeo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Departamento de Psicologia; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Departamento de Clínica Médica; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of adult young subjects in a Random Number Generation (RNG) task by controlling the response speed (RS). METHOD: Sixty-nine university students of both sexes took part in the experiment (25.05 ± 6.71 year-old). Participants were alloted into 3 groups which differed in RS rates to generate numbers: 1, 2 and 4 seconds to generate each number. A digital metronomer was used to control RS. Participants were asked to generate 100 numbers. The responses were mensured through Evans's RNG Index. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences among the groups [F (3, 68) = 7.120; p < .05]. Differences were localized between 1 and 2 seconds (p = 0.004) and between 1 and 4 seconds (p = 0.006). No differences were observed between 2 and 4 seconds (p = 0.985). CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that the response speed in production of random numbers influences the performance of the Random Numbers Generation task.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)The relationship between working memory and apraxia of speech(Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2009-09-01) Martins, Fernanda Chapchap [UNIFESP]; Ortiz, Karin Zazo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The present study aimed to verify the relationship between working memory (WM) and apraxia of speech and explored which WM components were involved in the motor planning of speech. A total of 22 patients and 22 healthy adults were studied. These patients were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: a single brain lesion in the left hemisphere, presence of apraxia of speech and sufficient oral comprehension. This study involved assessment of apraxia of speech and evaluation of working memory capacity. The performance of apraxic patients was significantly poorer than that of controls, where this reached statistical significance. The study concluded that participants with apraxia of speech presented a working memory deficit and that this was probably related to the articulatory process of the phonoarticulatory loop. Furthermore, all apraxic patients presented a compromise in working memory.