Navegando por Palavras-chave "Social adjustment"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Enfrentamento da surdez em adultos usuários de implante coclear: uma busca de independência e autonomia(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-02-23) Vieira, Sheila De Souza [UNIFESP]; Chiari, Brasilia Maria [UNIFESP]; Dupas, Giselle; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9461883918498554; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3118172851522969; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5466081448977540; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objective: To understand how adult cochlear implant users face deafness and to create a theoretical model representative of the experience. And more specifically: to identify the difficulties and needs entailed by deafness before and after cochlear implantation; to understand the changes that the cochlear implant entails in daily life; and to identify coping strategies and the facilitating elements of this experience. Methods: The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the institution (Opinion n ° 482,019). Qualitative research, using Symbolic Interactionism and Straussian Grounded Theory as the theoretical and methodological frameworks, respectively. A total of sixteen adult cochlear implant users, aged 18-60, who used the device for at least one year, participated in the study. Data collection instrument: semistructured interview, which covered questions about the trajectory from diagnosis to the present, inquiring about the changes caused by deafness and cochlear implantation in social relations, communication, family system, academic life and/or professional, in relationships, in leisure activities, and in personal projects. Results: The data analysis process led to the development of five categories that represent this experience. They are: Repercussions of deafness in adult life, Search for ways to solve problems, Facilitating factors in coping, Repercussions of cochlear implant use in adult life, and Difficulties after cochlear implantation. These categories make up a substantial theory represented by the process: SEEKING TO REGAIN INDEPENDENCE, AUTONOMY AND FREEDOM IN ADULT LIFE. Conclusion: Deafness profoundly impacts human social experiences, leading to changes and difficulties that affect the individual, family and society. However, the cochlear implant intervenes in a revolutionary way in the lives of its users, allowing them to live with a new perspective, to recover self-confidence and self-esteem, to communicate and interact more effectively, to feel more secure, to enjoy music and other types of entertainment, getting back past projects and make plans for the future. Thus fostering the recovery of the independence of adult life. In spite of this, the implanted person still experiences difficulties and limitations in the following aspects: agility to interact, reintegration into the labor market, going back to studying, localizing sounds spatially, experiencing prejudice and discrimination, using the phone, changes in balance and presence of tinnitus, costs with maintenance of the device, not being able to hear in situations where one needs to be without the IC, listening to music, understanding different types of entertainment, lack of family support, of assistive technology, and of continuity in psychological, social and auditory training rehabilitation. All these difficulties need to be identified and managed by the professionals who support the implanted person so that they can be overcome.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Family expectation, social adjustment and gender differences in a sample of schizophrenic patients(Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 1996-06-01) Shirakawa, Itiro [UNIFESP]; Mari, Jair de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Chaves, Ana Cristina [UNIFESP]; Hisatsugo, Marcelo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)A case series to study factors related to family expectation regarding schizophrenic patients was conducted in an out-patient setting in the city of S. Paulo, Brazil. Patients diagnosed as presenting schizophrenia by the ICD 9th Edition and having had the disease for more than four years were included in the study. Family Expectation was measured by the difference between the Katz Adjustment Scale (R2 and R3) scores based on the relative's expectation and the socially expected activities of the patient (Discrepancy Score), and social adjustment was given by the DSM-III-R Global Assessment Scale (GAS) . Outcome assessments were made independently, and 44 patients comprised the sample (25 males and 19 females). The Discrepancy mean score was twice as high for males as for females (p < 0.02), and there was an inverse relationship between the discrepancy score and social adjustment (r =-0.46, p < 0.001). Moreover, sex and social adjustment exerted independent effects on the discrepancy score when age, age at onset and number of psychiatric admissions were controlled by means of a multiple regression technique. There was an interaction between sex and social adjustment, the inverse relationship between social adjustment and discrepancy score being more pronounced for males. These findings are discussed in the light of the potential association between the family environment, gender and social adjustment of schizophrenic patients, and the need for further research, i.e. ethnographic accounts of interactions between patient and relatives sharing households particularly in less developed countries.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Popular conceptions of schizophrenia in Cape Verde, Africa(Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2005-06-01) Mateus, Mário Dinis [UNIFESP]; Santos, José Quirino dos [UNIFESP]; Mari, Jair de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoINTRODUCTION: It has been well documented that schizophrenia presents a better clinical course in developing countries. Although there are many epidemiological studies showing this association, little research has been conducted to investigate the local representation systems for schizophrenia in these countries. OBJECTIVES: This study focuses on cultural factors of schizophrenia, namely the local representation systems for the disease, as well as what is locally understood as deviant behavior and its acceptability, and mechanisms of social-cultural insertion or exclusion of patients with schizophrenia in Cape Verde, Africa. METHODS: Randomized open interviews were carried out with the relatives of patients under treatment at the mental health out patient service of the Batista de Sousa Hospital (São Vicente Island) between the years 1994 and 1995. Interviews dealt with patients' life histories and disease related to problems, strategies employed by the family to cope with such problems, and comments on the social and family burden. RESULTS: 20 interviews with close relatives of 10 patients were analyzed. The study focused on three main categories explaining schizophrenia: tired head (cabeça cansada), nervous (nervoso), and supernatural categories (like sorcery or witchcraft). The interviewees expressed their opinions, either explicitly or not, on whether their relatives truly had a disease. CONCLUSION: Characteristics of local categories for schizophrenia found in Cape Verde can be regarded as a less stigmatized way of dealing with the disease. It is reasonable to suppose that the understanding of such cultural factors could lead to better outcomes in the treatment for schizophrenia in this country, and also in others, where similar conditions can be identified.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Social disability of Brazilian mood disorder patients(Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica, 2004-11-01) Tucci, Adriana Marcassa [UNIFESP]; Kerr-Corrêa, Florence; Dias, Rogério S.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)Mood disorders cause many social problems, often involving family relationships. Few studies are available in the literature comparing patients with bipolar, unipolar, dysthymic, and double depressive disorders concerning these aspects. In the present study, demographic and disease data were collected using a specifically prepared questionnaire. Social adjustment was assessed using the Disability Adjustment Scale and family relationships were evaluated using the Global Assessment of Relational Functioning Scale. One hundred patients under treatment for at least 6 months were evaluated at the Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic of the Botucatu School of Medicine, UNESP. Most patients were women (82%) more than 50 (49%) years old with at least two years of follow-up, with little schooling (62% had less than 4 years), and of low socioeconomic level. Logistic regression analysis showed that a diagnosis of unipolar disorder (P = 0.003, OR = 0.075, CI = 0.014-0.403) and dysthymia (P = 0.001, OR = 0.040, CI = 0.006-0.275) as well as family relationships (P = 0.002, OR = 0.953, CI = 0914-0.992) played a significant role in social adjustment. Unipolar and dysthymic patients presented better social adjustment than bipolar and double depressive patients (P < 0.001), results that were not due to social class. These patients, treated at a teaching hospital, may represent the severest mood disorder cases. Evaluations were made knowing the diagnosis of the patients, which might also have influenced some of the results. Social disabilities among mood disorder patients are very frequent and intensive.