Análise de entendimento e atitudes relacionadas à nutrição de atletas brasileiros
Data
2021
Autores
Vertematti, Silvana 
Orientadores
Andrade, Marilia dos Santos
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Boas Práticas Alimentares são fundamentais para o desempenho esportivo. Contudo, muitos atletas apresentam dificuldades em escolher alimentos e hidratação adequadamente. Isso pode estar associado à falta de informação correta. Objetivos: (i) identificar e (ii) comparar a frequência de entendimento e atitudes adequadas em questões relacionadas à nutrição de atletas brasileiros de alto rendimento dos sexos masculino e feminino. Métodos: estudo descritivo transversal multicêntrico baseado em dados coletados de questionário respondido por atletas brasileiros, sendo 67 do sexo feminino e 61 do sexo masculino com idades entre 24,6±5,1 e 25,5±5,8 anos, respectivamente, participantes dos Jogos Pan-Americanos de 2015 (Canadá). Resultados: a necessidade de ingerir mais calorias em dias de treinos intensos é entendida por 56,7% das atletas femininas e por 65,5% dos atletas masculinos (a chance de as atletas femininas responderem corretamente é 0,69 da chance do atleta masculino); a necessidade de adequar essa ingestão em dias de descanso é entendida por 77,6% das atletas femininas e por 75,4% dos atletas masculinos (atletas femininas têm 1,13 mais chance de responder adequadamente); e a recomendação de comer nos 45-60 minutos após o treino é entendida por 32,8% das atletas femininas e 8,1% dos atletas masculinos, e as atletas femininas entendem significativamente melhor (5,47 vezes mais chances de responder melhor). Todos os atletas entendem que vitaminas e suplementos minerais são fontes energéticas para o corpo. Pequena porcentagem de atletas femininas (7,4%) e masculinos (14,7%) entende a importância de comer frutas e vegetais para obter vitaminas e minerais (a chance de a atleta feminina responder corretamente a essa questão é 0,46 da chance do atleta masculino). Sobre hidratação, 8,9% das atletas femininas e 3,2% dos atletas masculinos entendem que beber água é insuficiente para repor o que é perdido no suor (atletas femininas têm 2,9 vezes mais chances de responder corretamente); 89,5% das atletas femininas e 75,4% dos atletas masculinos entendem que bebidas esportivas são para treinos mais longos do que uma hora (atletas femininas têm 2,79 vezes mais chances de responder corretamente). Apenas 25,3% das atletas femininas e 9,8% dos atletas masculinos entendem que nem todos os suplementos foram testados quanto à eficiência e à segurança, e atletas femininas responderam significativamente melhor, tendo 3,11 vezes mais chance de acertar essa questão do x que os atletas masculinos (p<0,05). Quanto à ingestão proteica, 48,4% das atletas femininas e 49,1% dos atletas masculinos estão atentos a ingeri-la, independentemente da fonte. Quanto à suplementação proteica, 59,7% das atletas femininas e 70% dos atletas masculinos geralmente são orientados por profissionais, e as atletas femininas apresentam chance de responder corretamente 0,63 da chance de que os atletas masculinos têm de procurar orientação adequada. Entretanto, poucos (19,4% das atletas femininas e 29,5% dos atletas masculinos) usam suplementação pelo motivo correto, e as atletas femininas apresentam chance de responder corretamente a essa questão 0,57 da chance do atleta masculino. Conclusão: os achados sugerem que alta frequência de atletas femininos e masculinos apresentam entendimento e atitudes inadequadas quanto à nutrição e à hidratação.
Good eating practices are essential for sports performance. However, many athletes have difficulty in choosing food and hydration properly, which may be associated with the lack of correct information. Objectives: (i) to identify and (ii) to compare the frequency of correct understanding and attitudes on nutrition-related issues of highperformance Brazilian male and female athletes. Methods: cross-sectional multicenter descriptive study based on data collected from a questionnaire answered by Brazilian athletes, being 67 female and 61 male athletes aged between 24.6±5.1 and 25.5±5.8 years, respectively, participating in the 2015 Pan American Games (Canada). Results: the need to ingest more calories on days of intense training is understood by 56.7% of female and 65.5% of males athletes (the chance of female athletes answering correctly is 0.69 of the chance of male athletes answering correctly), and the need to adjust this intake on rest days is understood by 77.6% of females and 75.4% of males (females are 1.13 more likely to answer this question properly); 32.8% of females and 8.1% of males understand that eating is recommended within 45-60 minutes after training, and females understand it significantly better (5.47 times more likely to respond better). All athletes consider vitamins and mineral supplements as energy sources for the body, and a small percentage of females (7.4%) and males (14.7%) understand the importance of eating fruits and vegetables to obtain vitamins and minerals (the chance of females correctly answering this question is 0.46 the chance of males to answer it correctly). Regarding hydration, 8.9% of women and 3.2% of males understand that drinking water is insufficient to replace what is lost in sweat (females are 2.9 times more likely to answer correctly); 89.5% of females and 75.4% of males understand that sports drinks are for workouts longer than an hour (females are 2.79 times more likely to answer correctly). Only 25.3% of females and 9.8% of males believe that not all supplements have been tested for effectiveness and safety. Females responded significantly better, being 3.11 times more likely to answer this question correctly than males (p<0.05). As for protein intake, 48.4% of females and 49.1% of males are aware of ingesting protein, regardless of the source. As for protein supplementation, 59.7% of females and 70% of males are generally guided by professionals, and females have a chance of 0.63 of correctly answering compared to males to seek adequate guidance. However, few (19.4% of females and 29.5% of males) use supplementation for the right reason, and females have a 0.57 chance of correctly answering this xii question as compared to males regarding the use of protein supplement for the right reason. Conclusion: the findings suggest a high frequency of male and female athletes showing inadequate understanding and attitudes about nutrition and hydration.
Good eating practices are essential for sports performance. However, many athletes have difficulty in choosing food and hydration properly, which may be associated with the lack of correct information. Objectives: (i) to identify and (ii) to compare the frequency of correct understanding and attitudes on nutrition-related issues of highperformance Brazilian male and female athletes. Methods: cross-sectional multicenter descriptive study based on data collected from a questionnaire answered by Brazilian athletes, being 67 female and 61 male athletes aged between 24.6±5.1 and 25.5±5.8 years, respectively, participating in the 2015 Pan American Games (Canada). Results: the need to ingest more calories on days of intense training is understood by 56.7% of female and 65.5% of males athletes (the chance of female athletes answering correctly is 0.69 of the chance of male athletes answering correctly), and the need to adjust this intake on rest days is understood by 77.6% of females and 75.4% of males (females are 1.13 more likely to answer this question properly); 32.8% of females and 8.1% of males understand that eating is recommended within 45-60 minutes after training, and females understand it significantly better (5.47 times more likely to respond better). All athletes consider vitamins and mineral supplements as energy sources for the body, and a small percentage of females (7.4%) and males (14.7%) understand the importance of eating fruits and vegetables to obtain vitamins and minerals (the chance of females correctly answering this question is 0.46 the chance of males to answer it correctly). Regarding hydration, 8.9% of women and 3.2% of males understand that drinking water is insufficient to replace what is lost in sweat (females are 2.9 times more likely to answer correctly); 89.5% of females and 75.4% of males understand that sports drinks are for workouts longer than an hour (females are 2.79 times more likely to answer correctly). Only 25.3% of females and 9.8% of males believe that not all supplements have been tested for effectiveness and safety. Females responded significantly better, being 3.11 times more likely to answer this question correctly than males (p<0.05). As for protein intake, 48.4% of females and 49.1% of males are aware of ingesting protein, regardless of the source. As for protein supplementation, 59.7% of females and 70% of males are generally guided by professionals, and females have a chance of 0.63 of correctly answering compared to males to seek adequate guidance. However, few (19.4% of females and 29.5% of males) use supplementation for the right reason, and females have a 0.57 chance of correctly answering this xii question as compared to males regarding the use of protein supplement for the right reason. Conclusion: the findings suggest a high frequency of male and female athletes showing inadequate understanding and attitudes about nutrition and hydration.