Análise da inserção da agricultura familiar no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar em municípios do estado de São Paulo
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Data
2021-07-05
Autores
Arena, Tayna Miranda [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Bandoni, Daniel Henrique [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
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Introdução: A valorização da agricultura familiar é fundamental para desenvolvimento de um sistema alimentar saudável. No Brasil, a integração da agricultura familiar (AF) no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), aconteceu pela Lei nº 11.947 de 2009, que exige que, no mínimo 30%, dos recursos federais sejam destinados para a aquisição de alimento da AF Porém, mesmo após 10 anos da lei parte dos municípios brasileiros não consegue alcançar a porcentagem mínima. Assim, é importante compreender a partir dos atores envolvidos: nutricionistas, entidades executoras e agricultores familiares a dificuldades na aquisição de alimentos da AF para o PNAE. Objetivo: Analisar a inserção da agricultura familiar no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar em municípios no estado de São Paulo a partir da visão dos agricultores, gestores e nutricionistas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, que utiliza métodos mistos, realizado em duas etapas. Inicialmente foram realizadas oficinas presenciais em três cidades do estado de São Paulo, onde foram convidados agricultores, gestores e nutricionistas da alimentação escolar da região. Nas oficinas foram construídos mapas cognitivos com termos centrais da discussão e que serviram de base para grupo focal. A segunda etapa foi enviada questionário online para os gestores da alimentação escolar de todos os municípios do estado de São Paulo, com questões referentes a aquisição de alimentos da AF. A análise das oficinas se deu através da análise de conteúdo temática com abordagem qualitativa e a dos questionários se deu pela análise descritiva dos dados. Resultados: As principais dificuldades encontradas para aquisição de alimentos da AF para o PNAE são: falta de comunicação entre os setores envolvidos na compra e a falta de assistência técnica para os produtores. A logística e qualidade dos alimentos foram apontados como positiva e e negativa para os atores, relatando que a proximidade da agricultura familiar com as escolas reduz o deslocamento, porém a falta de comunicação e melhores condições de transporte são intervenientes. Os produtores ainda relataram passar por dificuldade na produção por implicações climáticas, demonstrando que nem sempre a chamada considera a sazonalidade e/ou substituição dos gêneros alimentícios. No questionário , menos da metade dos municípios (40,93%), declarou ter acesso ao mapeamento de produção local, portanto a falta de conhecimento pode estar afetando a oferta de uma maior variedade Conclusão: o estudo trouxe atenção aos diferentes desafios para o bom desenvolvimento da política nas diferentes regiões, mesmo dentro do mesmo estado, partindo do pressuposto que seria importante analisar não só as dificuldades gerais, mas também as regionais, trazendo equidade para resolução dessas dificuldades.
Introduction: The appreciation of family farming is essential for the development of a healthy food system. In Brazil, the integration of family farming in the National School Feeding Program (PNAE), stipulated by Law No. 11,947 of 2009, which requires that at least 30% of federal resources be allocated to the purchase of food in the category, was an important initiative. incentive to family farming. However, after more than 10 years of the law, part of the Brazilian municipalities has not managed to reach the minimum percentage. Thus, the research intends to understand, from the actors involved: nutritionists, implementing entities and family farmers, their implementation difficulties. Objective: To analyze the inclusion of family farming in the National School Feeding Program in municipalities in the state of São Paulo from the perspective of farmers, managers and nutritionists. Methods: the study was divided into two stages, firstly, face-to-face workshops were promoted in predetermined cities, involving actors already mentioned, in which cognitive maps were built with central terms of discussion and which served as the basis for a focus group; in the second stage, a questionnaire was sent virtually to the managers of all municipalities in the state of São Paulo. The analysis of the workshops took place through thematic content analysis with a qualitative approach, and the questionnaires took place through the descriptive analysis of the data. Results: the main difficulties found for the purchase of food from family farming for the PNAE are: lack of communication between the sectors involved in the purchase and lack of technical assistance for producers. The logistics and quality of food were pointed out as positive and negative for the actors, reporting that the proximity of family farming to schools reduces displacement, but the lack of communication and better transport conditions are intervening. Producers also reported experiencing difficulty in production due to climatic implications, demonstrating that the call does not always consider the seasonality and/or substitution of foodstuffs. In the questionnaire, less than half of the municipalities (40.93%) declared having access to the mapping of local production, so the lack of knowledge may be affecting the offer of a greater variety. Conclusion: the study brought attention to the different challenges for good policy development in different regions, even within the same state, assuming that it would be important to analyze not only the general difficulties, but also the regional ones, bringing equity to resolve these difficulties.
Introduction: The appreciation of family farming is essential for the development of a healthy food system. In Brazil, the integration of family farming in the National School Feeding Program (PNAE), stipulated by Law No. 11,947 of 2009, which requires that at least 30% of federal resources be allocated to the purchase of food in the category, was an important initiative. incentive to family farming. However, after more than 10 years of the law, part of the Brazilian municipalities has not managed to reach the minimum percentage. Thus, the research intends to understand, from the actors involved: nutritionists, implementing entities and family farmers, their implementation difficulties. Objective: To analyze the inclusion of family farming in the National School Feeding Program in municipalities in the state of São Paulo from the perspective of farmers, managers and nutritionists. Methods: the study was divided into two stages, firstly, face-to-face workshops were promoted in predetermined cities, involving actors already mentioned, in which cognitive maps were built with central terms of discussion and which served as the basis for a focus group; in the second stage, a questionnaire was sent virtually to the managers of all municipalities in the state of São Paulo. The analysis of the workshops took place through thematic content analysis with a qualitative approach, and the questionnaires took place through the descriptive analysis of the data. Results: the main difficulties found for the purchase of food from family farming for the PNAE are: lack of communication between the sectors involved in the purchase and lack of technical assistance for producers. The logistics and quality of food were pointed out as positive and negative for the actors, reporting that the proximity of family farming to schools reduces displacement, but the lack of communication and better transport conditions are intervening. Producers also reported experiencing difficulty in production due to climatic implications, demonstrating that the call does not always consider the seasonality and/or substitution of foodstuffs. In the questionnaire, less than half of the municipalities (40.93%) declared having access to the mapping of local production, so the lack of knowledge may be affecting the offer of a greater variety. Conclusion: the study brought attention to the different challenges for good policy development in different regions, even within the same state, assuming that it would be important to analyze not only the general difficulties, but also the regional ones, bringing equity to resolve these difficulties.
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Citação
ARENA, Tayna Miranda. Análise da inserção da agricultura familiar no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar em municípios do estado de São Paulo. 2021. 57 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Alimentos, Nutrição e Saúde) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2021.