Influência da personalidade e da privação de sono no desempenho cognitivo de candidatos do concurso de residência médica da Escola Paulista de Medicina
Data
2020-05-28
Autores
Souza, Leticia Molina de 
Orientadores
Carvalho, Luciane Bizari Coin de
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A privação de sono afeta o desempenho em atividades que exigem atenção e concentração, além de efeitos psicológicos, neurológicos e neurofisiológicos. Prejudica o desempenho cognitivo, a memória, logo o indivíduo que dorme pouco antes de uma prova ou de um processo seletivo, pode ter seu desempenho comprometido. Objetivo: Avaliar se características de personalidade e duração do sono, nos dias que antecederam a prova, estão associados ao desempenho dos candidatos no processo seletivo para residência médica. Método: A pesquisa foi realizada na Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, com os candidatos às vagas de acesso direto no Programa de Residência Médica. Os candidatos preencheram um Diário de Sono, referente aos três dias que antecederam a prova prática. Foram avaliados o Tempo Total de Sono, a Latência de Sono, a Eficiência de Sono, o Tempo Acordado, após adormecer, e os Cochilos. Foi realizado o Teste de Completamento de Desenhos de Wartegg no período de espera para a prova prática. Foram utilizados os testes de Qui-quadrado para as variáveis categóricas e o teste t de Student para as variáveis numéricas, uma vez que os dados tiveram distribuição normal no teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnof. Utilizamos p≤0,05 para significância. Resultados: Dos candidatos 593 que realizaram o Diário de Sono e o Teste de Wartegg, 308 foram aprovados e 285 foram reprovados no concurso de Residência Médica. Pode-se observar que os candidatos reprovados tiveram maior tempo total de cama, latência do sono e tempo acordado à noite, em relação aos candidatos aprovados. A eficiência do sono dos candidatos reprovados foi menor comparado com os aprovados e o tempo total de sono e cochilo não teve uma diferença significante entre reprovados e aprovados. Os candidatos reprovados não apresentaram mais conteúdos inadequados nos campos do Teste de Wartegg, do que os candidatos aprovados. Conclusão: Os candidatos reprovados tiveram um sono de pior qualidade comparados com os candidatos aprovados. O resultado não mostrou uma diferença entre os candidatos quanto à ansiedade ou alguma outra característica de personalidade que pudesse ter influenciado o sono deles.
Sleep deprivation affects performance in activities that require attention and concentration, in addition to psychological, neurological and neurophysiological effects. It impairs cognitive performance, memory, so the individual who sleeps just before a test or selection process, may have his performance compromised. Objective: To assess whether personality characteristics and sleep duration, in the days preceding the test, are associated with the performance of candidates in the selection process for medical residency. Method: The research was carried out at Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, with candidates for direct access places in the Medical Residency Program. Candidates filled out a Sleep Diary for the three days prior to the practical test. Total Sleep Time, Sleep Latency, Sleep Efficiency, Waking Time after falling asleep, and Naps were evaluated. The Wartegg Drawing Completion Test was performed in the waiting period for the practical test. “Quiquadradro” tests were used for categorical variables and “t de Student” test for numerical variables, considering the data had a normal distribution in the Kolmogorov-Smirnof test. We used p≤0.05 for significance. Results: Of the 593 candidates who took the Sleep Diary and the Wartegg Test, 308 passed and 285 failed the Medical Residency contest. It can be seen that the failed candidates had a longer total bed time, sleep latency and awake time at night, in relation to the successful candidates. The sleep efficiency of the failed candidates was lower compared with the approved ones and the total sleep and nap time did not have a significant difference between failed and approved. Failed candidates did not presente more inappropriate content in the fields of the Wartegg Test than did successful candidates. Conclusion: Failed candidates had worse quality sleep compared to successful candidates. The result did not show a difference between the candidates regarding anxiety or any other personality traits that could have influenced their sleep.
Sleep deprivation affects performance in activities that require attention and concentration, in addition to psychological, neurological and neurophysiological effects. It impairs cognitive performance, memory, so the individual who sleeps just before a test or selection process, may have his performance compromised. Objective: To assess whether personality characteristics and sleep duration, in the days preceding the test, are associated with the performance of candidates in the selection process for medical residency. Method: The research was carried out at Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, with candidates for direct access places in the Medical Residency Program. Candidates filled out a Sleep Diary for the three days prior to the practical test. Total Sleep Time, Sleep Latency, Sleep Efficiency, Waking Time after falling asleep, and Naps were evaluated. The Wartegg Drawing Completion Test was performed in the waiting period for the practical test. “Quiquadradro” tests were used for categorical variables and “t de Student” test for numerical variables, considering the data had a normal distribution in the Kolmogorov-Smirnof test. We used p≤0.05 for significance. Results: Of the 593 candidates who took the Sleep Diary and the Wartegg Test, 308 passed and 285 failed the Medical Residency contest. It can be seen that the failed candidates had a longer total bed time, sleep latency and awake time at night, in relation to the successful candidates. The sleep efficiency of the failed candidates was lower compared with the approved ones and the total sleep and nap time did not have a significant difference between failed and approved. Failed candidates did not presente more inappropriate content in the fields of the Wartegg Test than did successful candidates. Conclusion: Failed candidates had worse quality sleep compared to successful candidates. The result did not show a difference between the candidates regarding anxiety or any other personality traits that could have influenced their sleep.