Poluição atmosférica no Estado de São Paulo: análise das emissões industriais e impactos associados
Data
2019-03-29
Autores
Corá, Bianca Pereira 
Orientadores
Miraglia, Simone Georges El Khouri
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A produção industrial tem sido estimulada devido ao crescimento
populacional e à expansão do capitalismo, aumentando as taxas de
produtividade e o alcance mundial do comércio. Esta produção é responsável
pela emissão de elevados níveis de poluentes que são prejudiciais para a
qualidade do ar e tem causado impactos à saúde e ao meio ambiente. Este
trabalho analisou as emissões totais de material particulado fino (MP2,5) em 11
municípios com maior consumo energético do Estado de São Paulo (indicador
do nível de atividade econômica) e estabeleceu associação com a mortalidade
por doenças cardiorrespiratórias atribuída à poluição do ar no período de 2008 a
2016. Uma revisão sistemática dos estudos epidemiológicos referentes aos
efeitos da poluição atmosférica de MP2,5 na saúde humana foi conduzida
utilizando como base os dados dos Periódicos Capes e PubMed. Foram
coletados os dados de consumo de energia elétrica, concentração de MP2,5 e de
mortalidade por doenças cardiorrespiratórias nos municípios objeto de estudo e
realizadas análises dos impactos em saúde. A indústria de São Paulo foi a que
mais emitiu poluentes atmosféricos na atmosfera, porém, o município que mais
consome energia elétrica por unidade consumidora e mais emite poluentes
atmosféricos por indústria é o município de Cubatão (média de 39.415.554,73
kWh/N.C. e média de 2.782,27 tCO2/N.C.), seguido de Paulínia (média de
2.572.518,69 kWh/N.C. e média de 184,37 tCO2/N.C.). Tanto Cubatão quanto
Paulínia, também representaram as maiores contribuições fracionárias entre os
municípios estudados, com médias de 0,11 e 0,07, respectivamente. O número
de óbitos associados à poluição atmosférica de MP2,5, apresentou os maiores
valores para os municípios de São Paulo (3.247,20 óbitos), Guarulhos (3.237,35
óbitos) e Santo André (2.225,11 óbitos). As maiores taxas de mortalidade são
dos municípios de Cubatão (380,13 óbitos), Santo André (328,96 óbitos) e
Guarulhos (264,92 óbitos), para 100.000 habitantes. A população está sendo
exposta a elevadas concentrações de poluentes com reflexos diretos na saúde
pública: a taxa de mortalidade nos municípios estudados é, em média, 225,48
óbitos por doenças cardiorrespiratórias associadas ao MP2,5/100.00 habitantes.
Industrial production has been stimulated by population growth and the expansion of capitalism, increasing productivity rates and the global reach of trade. This production is responsible for emitting high levels of pollutants that are harmful to air quality and has caused impacts to health and the environment. This work analysed the total emissions of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in 11 counties with the highest energy consumption in the State of São Paulo (indicator of the economic activity level) and established an association with mortality due to cardiorespiratory diseases attributed to air pollution in the period from 2008 to 2016. A systematic review of the epidemiological studies regarding the effects of air pollution of PM2.5 on human health was conducted using data from the Capes and PubMed journals. Data were collected on the consumption of electric energy, PM2.5 concentration and mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases in the studied municipalities and analyses of health impacts. The industry of São Paulo was the one that emitted the most atmospheric pollutants, but the municipality that consumes the most electricity and consumes more air pollutants per industry is the municipality of Cubatão (average of 39,415,554.73 kWh / NC and average of 2,782.27 tCO2 / NC), followed by Paulínia (average of 2,572,518,69 kWh / NC and average of 184,37 tCO2 / NC). Both Cubatão and Paulínia, also represented the largest fractional contributions among the studied municipalities, with averages of 0.11 and 0.07, respectively. The number of deaths associated with atmospheric pollution of MP2.5, showed the highest values for the municipalities of São Paulo (3,247.20 deaths), Guarulhos (3,237.35 deaths) and Santo André (2,225.11 deaths). The highest mortality rates are from Cubatão (380.13 deaths), Santo André (328.96 deaths) and Guarulhos (264.92 deaths), for 100,000 inhabitants. The population is being exposed to high concentrations of pollutants with direct repercussions on public health: the mortality rate in the municipalities studied is, on average, 225.48 deaths from cardiorespiratory diseases associated with MP2.5 / 100.00 inhabitants.
Industrial production has been stimulated by population growth and the expansion of capitalism, increasing productivity rates and the global reach of trade. This production is responsible for emitting high levels of pollutants that are harmful to air quality and has caused impacts to health and the environment. This work analysed the total emissions of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in 11 counties with the highest energy consumption in the State of São Paulo (indicator of the economic activity level) and established an association with mortality due to cardiorespiratory diseases attributed to air pollution in the period from 2008 to 2016. A systematic review of the epidemiological studies regarding the effects of air pollution of PM2.5 on human health was conducted using data from the Capes and PubMed journals. Data were collected on the consumption of electric energy, PM2.5 concentration and mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases in the studied municipalities and analyses of health impacts. The industry of São Paulo was the one that emitted the most atmospheric pollutants, but the municipality that consumes the most electricity and consumes more air pollutants per industry is the municipality of Cubatão (average of 39,415,554.73 kWh / NC and average of 2,782.27 tCO2 / NC), followed by Paulínia (average of 2,572,518,69 kWh / NC and average of 184,37 tCO2 / NC). Both Cubatão and Paulínia, also represented the largest fractional contributions among the studied municipalities, with averages of 0.11 and 0.07, respectively. The number of deaths associated with atmospheric pollution of MP2.5, showed the highest values for the municipalities of São Paulo (3,247.20 deaths), Guarulhos (3,237.35 deaths) and Santo André (2,225.11 deaths). The highest mortality rates are from Cubatão (380.13 deaths), Santo André (328.96 deaths) and Guarulhos (264.92 deaths), for 100,000 inhabitants. The population is being exposed to high concentrations of pollutants with direct repercussions on public health: the mortality rate in the municipalities studied is, on average, 225.48 deaths from cardiorespiratory diseases associated with MP2.5 / 100.00 inhabitants.